Ultrasonographic Assessment of Fetal Viability in Pregnant Women with First-Trimester Bleeding at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
Background: Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester is a fairly common problem, which may be associated with lower abdominal pain. It varies from spotting to a life-threatening event of active profuse bleeding. Objective: To determine sonographic predictors of fetal viability after a first-trimester...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Medicine and Health Development |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_17_24 |
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| Summary: | Background: Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester is a fairly common problem, which may be associated with lower abdominal pain. It varies from spotting to a life-threatening event of active profuse bleeding. Objective: To determine sonographic predictors of fetal viability after a first-trimester bleed. Materials and Methods: Initial and outcome scans were done on 94 pregnant women with first-trimester bleeding after a thorough clinical history has been taken at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria. Results: The results revealed that light bleeding occurred in 64.9% of the women, whereas heavy bleeding was recorded in 35.1%. The duration of bleeding in both ranged from 12 h to 21 days. The amount of vaginal bleeding, expulsion of blood clots, and fever were higher in women with heavy bleeding. Women with associated fever had less viability compared with those without fever (P = 0.001). Gestational sac (GS) location, GS shape, double decidual sign, yolk sac presence and shape, embryo presence, and embryonic cardiac activity had significant associations with viability (P < 0.05). Predictors of viability following multiple logistic regression were round/oval GS (OR = 2.062, P < 0.001), presence of an embryo (OR = 1.153, P = 0.032), and yolk sac diameter (OR = 2.302, P = 0.013). Conclusion: Shape of GS, presence of an embryo, and yolk sac diameter are the predictors of fetal viability following first-trimester bleeding. |
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| ISSN: | 2635-3695 2667-2863 |