The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis

BackgroundEmbodied learning has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no academic consensus on whether embodied learning effectively enhances students’ learning performance.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the overall effect of embodied learning on students’ learnin...

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Main Authors: Zhiwei Liu, Haode Zuo, Yan Zhao, Yongjing Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1658797/full
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author Zhiwei Liu
Haode Zuo
Yan Zhao
Yongjing Lu
author_facet Zhiwei Liu
Haode Zuo
Yan Zhao
Yongjing Lu
author_sort Zhiwei Liu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundEmbodied learning has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no academic consensus on whether embodied learning effectively enhances students’ learning performance.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the overall effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance through a meta-analysis. It also seeks to explore variations based on moderators such as discipline, educational level, experiment period, sample size, region, learning approach, embodied level and type.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted on 46 studies (66 effect sizes) published between 2010 and 2025. These studies were analyzed to calculate the overall effect size (Hedges’ g) and explore potential moderating variables.Results and ConclusionThe results found that: 1) Embodied learning has a moderately positive effect on students’ learning performance (g = 0.406, 95%CI [0.264,0.548]), with no significant differences across regions; 2) The effect of embodied learning is greater in the humanities compared to other disciplines (e.g., math); 3) Compared to other educational levels, embodied learning has the greatest impact on high school students’ learning performance; 4) The impact of embodied learning is significantly greater during a one-term experiment period than other periods; 5) Compared with other sample sizes, the embodied intervention group with more than 50 participants has the best effect on their learning performance. 6) Embodied learning in small groups has a greater effect on students’ learning performance than other learning approaches; 7) High-level embodied learning has a more significant effect on students’ learning performance than low-level embodied learning; and 8) Active embodied learning has a greater effect on students’ learning performance than passive embodied learning. These findings provide valuable insights for future practice and research on embodied learning.
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spelling doaj-art-f0d99ab7795545f69d2cb97f8e7fdce02025-08-22T10:52:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-08-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.16587971658797The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysisZhiwei Liu0Haode Zuo1Yan Zhao2Yongjing Lu3School of Mathematics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Mathematics, Taizhou University, Taizhou, ChinaSchool of Mathematics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaBackgroundEmbodied learning has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no academic consensus on whether embodied learning effectively enhances students’ learning performance.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the overall effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance through a meta-analysis. It also seeks to explore variations based on moderators such as discipline, educational level, experiment period, sample size, region, learning approach, embodied level and type.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted on 46 studies (66 effect sizes) published between 2010 and 2025. These studies were analyzed to calculate the overall effect size (Hedges’ g) and explore potential moderating variables.Results and ConclusionThe results found that: 1) Embodied learning has a moderately positive effect on students’ learning performance (g = 0.406, 95%CI [0.264,0.548]), with no significant differences across regions; 2) The effect of embodied learning is greater in the humanities compared to other disciplines (e.g., math); 3) Compared to other educational levels, embodied learning has the greatest impact on high school students’ learning performance; 4) The impact of embodied learning is significantly greater during a one-term experiment period than other periods; 5) Compared with other sample sizes, the embodied intervention group with more than 50 participants has the best effect on their learning performance. 6) Embodied learning in small groups has a greater effect on students’ learning performance than other learning approaches; 7) High-level embodied learning has a more significant effect on students’ learning performance than low-level embodied learning; and 8) Active embodied learning has a greater effect on students’ learning performance than passive embodied learning. These findings provide valuable insights for future practice and research on embodied learning.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1658797/fullembodied learninglearning performanceembodied cognition theorymeta analysispedagogical design
spellingShingle Zhiwei Liu
Haode Zuo
Yan Zhao
Yongjing Lu
The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis
Frontiers in Psychology
embodied learning
learning performance
embodied cognition theory
meta analysis
pedagogical design
title The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis
title_full The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis
title_fullStr The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis
title_short The effect of embodied learning on students’ learning performance: A meta-analysis
title_sort effect of embodied learning on students learning performance a meta analysis
topic embodied learning
learning performance
embodied cognition theory
meta analysis
pedagogical design
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1658797/full
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