Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

The areas of three-dimensional (3D) underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted significant attention recently due to their applications in detecting and observing phenomena that cannot be adequately observed by means of two-dimensional UWSNs. However, designing routing protocols for...

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Main Authors: Ming Xu, Guangzhong Liu, Huafeng Wu, Wei Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-11-01
Series:International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/481570
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author Ming Xu
Guangzhong Liu
Huafeng Wu
Wei Sun
author_facet Ming Xu
Guangzhong Liu
Huafeng Wu
Wei Sun
author_sort Ming Xu
collection DOAJ
description The areas of three-dimensional (3D) underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted significant attention recently due to their applications in detecting and observing phenomena that cannot be adequately observed by means of two-dimensional UWSNs. However, designing routing protocols for UWSNs is a challenging task because path breakage occurs frequently due to uncertain node and link failures. In this paper, we present a Robust Routing Protocol (RRP) that aims to achieve robustness under harsh underwater conditions of 3D UWSNs. In RRP, each sensor has a data structure called backup bin, which allows to construct main backup links and auxiliary backup links for repairing failed links and ensuring normal data delivery. Moreover, sensor nodes can also enlarge their transmission range to build new links when the main routing path is not reachable through backup links. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can reduce node and link failures' impact on metrics of packet delivery ratio, network throughput, energy consumption, and average end-to-end delay.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1550-1477
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publishDate 2013-11-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
spelling doaj-art-f0cee4653f034591b1ea7a19c1fa77952025-08-20T02:22:15ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772013-11-01910.1155/2013/481570Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksMing Xu0Guangzhong Liu1Huafeng Wu2Wei Sun3 Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, ChinaThe areas of three-dimensional (3D) underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted significant attention recently due to their applications in detecting and observing phenomena that cannot be adequately observed by means of two-dimensional UWSNs. However, designing routing protocols for UWSNs is a challenging task because path breakage occurs frequently due to uncertain node and link failures. In this paper, we present a Robust Routing Protocol (RRP) that aims to achieve robustness under harsh underwater conditions of 3D UWSNs. In RRP, each sensor has a data structure called backup bin, which allows to construct main backup links and auxiliary backup links for repairing failed links and ensuring normal data delivery. Moreover, sensor nodes can also enlarge their transmission range to build new links when the main routing path is not reachable through backup links. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can reduce node and link failures' impact on metrics of packet delivery ratio, network throughput, energy consumption, and average end-to-end delay.https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/481570
spellingShingle Ming Xu
Guangzhong Liu
Huafeng Wu
Wei Sun
Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
title Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
title_full Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
title_fullStr Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
title_full_unstemmed Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
title_short Towards Robust Routing in Three-Dimensional Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
title_sort towards robust routing in three dimensional underwater wireless sensor networks
url https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/481570
work_keys_str_mv AT mingxu towardsrobustroutinginthreedimensionalunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks
AT guangzhongliu towardsrobustroutinginthreedimensionalunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks
AT huafengwu towardsrobustroutinginthreedimensionalunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks
AT weisun towardsrobustroutinginthreedimensionalunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks