Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR

The accurate short-term forecasting of an electric vehicle (EV) load is crucial for the reliable operation of a power grid and for effectively reducing energy consumption. Due to the fluctuations in EV charging loads, particularly the significant load variation between commercial and non-commercial...

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Main Authors: Renxue Shang, Yongjun Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/582
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author Renxue Shang
Yongjun Ma
author_facet Renxue Shang
Yongjun Ma
author_sort Renxue Shang
collection DOAJ
description The accurate short-term forecasting of an electric vehicle (EV) load is crucial for the reliable operation of a power grid and for effectively reducing energy consumption. Due to the fluctuations in EV charging loads, particularly the significant load variation between commercial and non-commercial areas, global models often suffer from prediction errors when forecasting loads. To address this issue, this paper proposes a regional forecasting method based on K-means++ clustering and deep learning algorithms. First, the K-means++ algorithm was used to partition the data into different regions, and an independent load-forecasting model was established for each region. Then, a combination of kernel support vector regression (KSVR) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models was used to handle nonlinear features and time-dependent data, where particle swarm optimization (PSO) further optimized the model parameters to improve the forecasting accuracy. Finally, a weighted summation method was used to integrate the forecast results from each region, resulting in a more accurate overall load forecast. The experimental results show that the proposed model provided better prediction performance by capturing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the EV charging load, effectively addressing the challenges posed by regional differences, and outperforming the single-model forecasts.
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spelling doaj-art-f0bca1654e03417b8a29f8a2787b3dbf2025-08-20T02:43:50ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532024-12-01151258210.3390/wevj15120582Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVRRenxue Shang0Yongjun Ma1School of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, ChinaThe accurate short-term forecasting of an electric vehicle (EV) load is crucial for the reliable operation of a power grid and for effectively reducing energy consumption. Due to the fluctuations in EV charging loads, particularly the significant load variation between commercial and non-commercial areas, global models often suffer from prediction errors when forecasting loads. To address this issue, this paper proposes a regional forecasting method based on K-means++ clustering and deep learning algorithms. First, the K-means++ algorithm was used to partition the data into different regions, and an independent load-forecasting model was established for each region. Then, a combination of kernel support vector regression (KSVR) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models was used to handle nonlinear features and time-dependent data, where particle swarm optimization (PSO) further optimized the model parameters to improve the forecasting accuracy. Finally, a weighted summation method was used to integrate the forecast results from each region, resulting in a more accurate overall load forecast. The experimental results show that the proposed model provided better prediction performance by capturing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the EV charging load, effectively addressing the challenges posed by regional differences, and outperforming the single-model forecasts.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/582electric vehicle power loadK-means++gated recurrent unitkernel support vector regression
spellingShingle Renxue Shang
Yongjun Ma
Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR
World Electric Vehicle Journal
electric vehicle power load
K-means++
gated recurrent unit
kernel support vector regression
title Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR
title_full Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR
title_fullStr Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR
title_full_unstemmed Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR
title_short Electric Vehicle Charging Load Forecasting Based on K-Means++-GRU-KSVR
title_sort electric vehicle charging load forecasting based on k means gru ksvr
topic electric vehicle power load
K-means++
gated recurrent unit
kernel support vector regression
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/582
work_keys_str_mv AT renxueshang electricvehiclechargingloadforecastingbasedonkmeansgruksvr
AT yongjunma electricvehiclechargingloadforecastingbasedonkmeansgruksvr