Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response
Glasses exposed to soil environments are of interest across various scientific fields, from nuclear waste containment to archaeological preservation and nutrient-delivery systems for plants. While immersion experiments provide valuable insights into the ion release kinetics in root- and microbe-exud...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Anna Berezicka Agnieszka Wojteczko Justyna Sułowska Magdalena Szumera |
| author_facet | Anna Berezicka Agnieszka Wojteczko Justyna Sułowska Magdalena Szumera |
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| description | Glasses exposed to soil environments are of interest across various scientific fields, from nuclear waste containment to archaeological preservation and nutrient-delivery systems for plants. While immersion experiments provide valuable insights into the ion release kinetics in root- and microbe-exuded solutions, they fail to replicate the complexities of nutrient leaching in real soil conditions. To address this, the degradation behavior of nutrient-bearing glasses (41SiO<sub>2</sub>·6(10)P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·20K<sub>2</sub>O·33(29)MgO/CaO/MgO + CaO) with increasing sulfate contents was investigated through a soil incubation experiment simulating Central European weather variability. A comprehensive approach, combining SEM observations and EDS semi-quantitative analysis, revealed that acidic peat strongly promoted ion exchange, where protons from the medium replaced network cations. The glass composition played a crucial role in the fracture behavior: sulfate incorporation increased the network rigidity, making the glasses more prone to mechanical degradation and accelerating the reaction front advancement. The P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> content was also a key factor in modulating the reactivity, with higher concentrations intensifying interactions with the soil medium. Limited water availability accelerated the solution saturation, leading to secondary phase precipitation and temporary nutrient immobilization. These findings demonstrate that glass reactivity can be fine-tuned through composition adjustments and highlight the dynamic nature of glass–soil interactions, including seasonal variations in nutrient release under acidic conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f095b14d0e044fb296d5468d7fa33c302025-08-20T03:13:48ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01308179010.3390/molecules30081790Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological ResponseAnna Berezicka0Agnieszka Wojteczko1Justyna Sułowska2Magdalena Szumera3Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandGlasses exposed to soil environments are of interest across various scientific fields, from nuclear waste containment to archaeological preservation and nutrient-delivery systems for plants. While immersion experiments provide valuable insights into the ion release kinetics in root- and microbe-exuded solutions, they fail to replicate the complexities of nutrient leaching in real soil conditions. To address this, the degradation behavior of nutrient-bearing glasses (41SiO<sub>2</sub>·6(10)P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·20K<sub>2</sub>O·33(29)MgO/CaO/MgO + CaO) with increasing sulfate contents was investigated through a soil incubation experiment simulating Central European weather variability. A comprehensive approach, combining SEM observations and EDS semi-quantitative analysis, revealed that acidic peat strongly promoted ion exchange, where protons from the medium replaced network cations. The glass composition played a crucial role in the fracture behavior: sulfate incorporation increased the network rigidity, making the glasses more prone to mechanical degradation and accelerating the reaction front advancement. The P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> content was also a key factor in modulating the reactivity, with higher concentrations intensifying interactions with the soil medium. Limited water availability accelerated the solution saturation, leading to secondary phase precipitation and temporary nutrient immobilization. These findings demonstrate that glass reactivity can be fine-tuned through composition adjustments and highlight the dynamic nature of glass–soil interactions, including seasonal variations in nutrient release under acidic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1790glass–soil interactionsnutrient-bearing glassesion exchangesulfate incorporationfertilizersoil incubation experiment |
| spellingShingle | Anna Berezicka Agnieszka Wojteczko Justyna Sułowska Magdalena Szumera Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response Molecules glass–soil interactions nutrient-bearing glasses ion exchange sulfate incorporation fertilizer soil incubation experiment |
| title | Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response |
| title_full | Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response |
| title_fullStr | Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response |
| title_short | Alteration of Sulfur-Bearing Silicate–Phosphate (Agri)Glasses in Soil Environment: Chemical Interactions and Biological Response |
| title_sort | alteration of sulfur bearing silicate phosphate agri glasses in soil environment chemical interactions and biological response |
| topic | glass–soil interactions nutrient-bearing glasses ion exchange sulfate incorporation fertilizer soil incubation experiment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1790 |
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