Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case

Q fever endocarditis remains a diagnostic challenge today. Although it is a rare condition, it is crucial to recognize, as it represents the most common cause of endocarditis with persistently negative blood cultures. Here, we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with a history of coronary arter...

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Main Authors: Riccardo Rovelli, Elisa Brangi, Francesca Capasso, Martina Mazzini, Michela Raffo, Enrico Vizzardi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PAGEPress Publications 2025-06-01
Series:Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
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Online Access:https://www.monaldi-archives.org/macd/article/view/3504
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author Riccardo Rovelli
Elisa Brangi
Francesca Capasso
Martina Mazzini
Michela Raffo
Enrico Vizzardi
author_facet Riccardo Rovelli
Elisa Brangi
Francesca Capasso
Martina Mazzini
Michela Raffo
Enrico Vizzardi
author_sort Riccardo Rovelli
collection DOAJ
description Q fever endocarditis remains a diagnostic challenge today. Although it is a rare condition, it is crucial to recognize, as it represents the most common cause of endocarditis with persistently negative blood cultures. Here, we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with a history of coronary artery disease and systemic sclerosis who was admitted to the hospital complaining of asthenia and dyspnea. An echocardiographic examination revealed a highly mobile pedunculated mass on the mitral valve, suggestive of endocarditis. During the diagnostic workup, blood cultures were repeatedly negative, but serological testing confirmed positivity for Coxiella burnetii (IgG phase I 1:128). After diagnosing Q fever endocarditis, antibiotic therapy with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine was initiated but was soon discontinued due to the development of renal impairment and thrombocytopenia. The clinical course was further complicated by cardiac arrest, leading to the patient's death. Given the rarity of this condition, this case highlights the importance of considering Q fever endocarditis in the differential diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis and underscores the need for rapid diagnosis using advanced diagnostic techniques to improve patient outcomes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1122-0643
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language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher PAGEPress Publications
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series Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
spelling doaj-art-f0410d13b4fb46d6a762ea5e4e1fecd92025-08-20T03:28:22ZengPAGEPress PublicationsMonaldi Archives for Chest Disease1122-06432532-52642025-06-0110.4081/monaldi.2025.3504Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological caseRiccardo Rovelli0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5582-4210Elisa Brangi1Francesca Capasso2Martina Mazzini3Michela Raffo4Enrico Vizzardi5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-6104Cardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialty, Radiology and Health Care, School of Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, BresciaCardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialty, Radiology and Health Care, School of Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, BresciaCardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialty, Radiology and Health Care, School of Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, BresciaCardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialty, Radiology and Health Care, School of Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, BresciaCardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialty, Radiology and Health Care, School of Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, BresciaCardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Medical-Surgical Specialty, Radiology and Health Care, School of Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia Q fever endocarditis remains a diagnostic challenge today. Although it is a rare condition, it is crucial to recognize, as it represents the most common cause of endocarditis with persistently negative blood cultures. Here, we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with a history of coronary artery disease and systemic sclerosis who was admitted to the hospital complaining of asthenia and dyspnea. An echocardiographic examination revealed a highly mobile pedunculated mass on the mitral valve, suggestive of endocarditis. During the diagnostic workup, blood cultures were repeatedly negative, but serological testing confirmed positivity for Coxiella burnetii (IgG phase I 1:128). After diagnosing Q fever endocarditis, antibiotic therapy with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine was initiated but was soon discontinued due to the development of renal impairment and thrombocytopenia. The clinical course was further complicated by cardiac arrest, leading to the patient's death. Given the rarity of this condition, this case highlights the importance of considering Q fever endocarditis in the differential diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis and underscores the need for rapid diagnosis using advanced diagnostic techniques to improve patient outcomes. https://www.monaldi-archives.org/macd/article/view/3504Q feverCoxiella burnetiiinfective endocarditisblood culture-negative endocarditisvalvular heart disease
spellingShingle Riccardo Rovelli
Elisa Brangi
Francesca Capasso
Martina Mazzini
Michela Raffo
Enrico Vizzardi
Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
infective endocarditis
blood culture-negative endocarditis
valvular heart disease
title Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
title_full Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
title_fullStr Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
title_full_unstemmed Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
title_short Q fever endocarditis: a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
title_sort q fever endocarditis a diagnostic challenge in a complex cardiological case
topic Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
infective endocarditis
blood culture-negative endocarditis
valvular heart disease
url https://www.monaldi-archives.org/macd/article/view/3504
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AT francescacapasso qfeverendocarditisadiagnosticchallengeinacomplexcardiologicalcase
AT martinamazzini qfeverendocarditisadiagnosticchallengeinacomplexcardiologicalcase
AT michelaraffo qfeverendocarditisadiagnosticchallengeinacomplexcardiologicalcase
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