Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects
Interferometric observations of gravitational microlensing events offer an opportunity for precise, efficient, and direct mass and distance measurements of lensing objects, especially those of isolated neutron stars and black holes. However, such observations have previously been possible for only a...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Przemek Mróz Subo Dong Antoine Mérand Jinyi Shangguan Julien Woillez Andrew Gould Andrzej Udalski Frank Eisenhauer Yoon-Hyun Ryu Zexuan Wu Zhuokai Liu Hongjing Yang — Guillaume Bourdarot Denis Defrère Antonia Drescher Maximilian Fabricius Paulo Garcia Reinhard Genzel Stefan Gillessen Sebastian F. Hönig Laura Kreidberg Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin Dieter Lutz Florentin Millour Thomas Ott Thibaut Paumard Jonas Sauter T. Taro Shimizu Christian Straubmeier Matthias Subroweit Felix Widmann (The GRAVITY+ Collaboration) Michał K. Szymański Igor Soszyński Paweł Pietrukowicz Szymon Kozłowski Radosław Poleski Jan Skowron Krzysztof Ulaczyk Mariusz Gromadzki Krzysztof Rybicki Patryk Iwanek Marcin Wrona Mateusz J. Mróz (The OGLE Collaboration) Michael D. Albrow Sun-Ju Chung Cheongho Han Kyu-Ha Hwang Youn Kil Jung In-Gu Shin Yossi Shvartzvald Jennifer C. Yee Weicheng Zang Sang-Mok Cha Dong-Jin Kim Seung-Lee Kim Chung-Uk Lee Dong-Joo Lee Yongseok Lee Byeong-Gon Park Richard W. Pogge (KMTNet Collaboration) |
| author_facet | Przemek Mróz Subo Dong Antoine Mérand Jinyi Shangguan Julien Woillez Andrew Gould Andrzej Udalski Frank Eisenhauer Yoon-Hyun Ryu Zexuan Wu Zhuokai Liu Hongjing Yang — Guillaume Bourdarot Denis Defrère Antonia Drescher Maximilian Fabricius Paulo Garcia Reinhard Genzel Stefan Gillessen Sebastian F. Hönig Laura Kreidberg Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin Dieter Lutz Florentin Millour Thomas Ott Thibaut Paumard Jonas Sauter T. Taro Shimizu Christian Straubmeier Matthias Subroweit Felix Widmann (The GRAVITY+ Collaboration) Michał K. Szymański Igor Soszyński Paweł Pietrukowicz Szymon Kozłowski Radosław Poleski Jan Skowron Krzysztof Ulaczyk Mariusz Gromadzki Krzysztof Rybicki Patryk Iwanek Marcin Wrona Mateusz J. Mróz (The OGLE Collaboration) Michael D. Albrow Sun-Ju Chung Cheongho Han Kyu-Ha Hwang Youn Kil Jung In-Gu Shin Yossi Shvartzvald Jennifer C. Yee Weicheng Zang Sang-Mok Cha Dong-Jin Kim Seung-Lee Kim Chung-Uk Lee Dong-Joo Lee Yongseok Lee Byeong-Gon Park Richard W. Pogge (KMTNet Collaboration) |
| author_sort | Przemek Mróz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interferometric observations of gravitational microlensing events offer an opportunity for precise, efficient, and direct mass and distance measurements of lensing objects, especially those of isolated neutron stars and black holes. However, such observations have previously been possible for only a handful of extremely bright events. The recent development of a dual-field interferometer, GRAVITY Wide, has made it possible to reach out to significantly fainter objects and increase the pool of microlensing events amenable to interferometric observations by 2 orders of magnitude. Here, we present the first successful observation of a microlensing event with GRAVITY Wide and the resolution of microlensed images in the event OGLE-2023-BLG-0061/KMT-2023-BLG-0496. We measure the angular Einstein radius of the lens with subpercent precision, θ _E = 1.280 ± 0.009 mas. Combined with the microlensing parallax detected from the event light curve, the mass and distance to the lens are found to be 0.472 ± 0.012 M _⊙ and 1.81 ± 0.05 kpc, respectively. We present the procedure for the selection of targets for interferometric observations and discuss possible systematic effects affecting GRAVITY Wide data. This detection demonstrates the capabilities of the new instrument, and it opens up completely new possibilities for the follow-up of microlensing events and future routine discoveries of isolated neutron stars and black holes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f038009a80eb46bfa2d8a4152c991171 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-f038009a80eb46bfa2d8a4152c9911712025-02-04T07:04:20ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198014710.3847/1538-4357/ad9b14Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and ProspectsPrzemek Mróz0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-1692Subo Dong1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-0990Antoine Mérand2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-0183Jinyi Shangguan3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-9009Julien Woillez4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-4738Andrew Gould5Andrzej Udalski6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-5619Frank Eisenhauer7Yoon-Hyun Ryu8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-2907Zexuan Wu9https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5754-6206Zhuokai Liu10Hongjing Yang11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-8465—Guillaume Bourdarot12Denis Defrère13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3499-2506Antonia Drescher14Maximilian Fabricius15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-6058Paulo Garcia16Reinhard Genzel17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-9653Stefan Gillessen18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-0481Sebastian F. Hönig19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-1111Laura Kreidberg20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-1147Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-4674Dieter Lutz22https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-9582Florentin Millour23Thomas Ott24https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-0396Thibaut Paumard25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0452Jonas Sauter26T. Taro Shimizu27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-4670Christian Straubmeier28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0671-9302Matthias Subroweit29Felix Widmann30(The GRAVITY+ Collaboration)Michał K. Szymański31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-8995Igor Soszyński32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-0842Paweł Pietrukowicz33https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-5899Szymon Kozłowski34https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4084-880XRadosław Poleski35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-6368Jan Skowron36https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-1730Krzysztof Ulaczyk37https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-408XMariusz Gromadzki38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-1518Krzysztof Rybicki39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-9329Patryk Iwanek40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-7221Marcin Wrona41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-274XMateusz J. Mróz42https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-6581(The OGLE Collaboration)Michael D. Albrow43https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-4012Sun-Ju Chung44https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-4528Cheongho Han45https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-9964Kyu-Ha Hwang46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-4117Youn Kil Jung47https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0314-6000In-Gu Shin48https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-9838Yossi Shvartzvald49https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-5041Jennifer C. Yee50https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9481-7123Weicheng Zang51https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-3463Sang-Mok Cha52https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-2950Dong-Jin Kim53Seung-Lee Kim54https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0562-5643Chung-Uk Lee55https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-3925Dong-Joo Lee56https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5737-0908Yongseok Lee57https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7594-8072Byeong-Gon Park58https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-7722Richard W. Pogge59https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-3053(KMTNet Collaboration)Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science , 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaEuropean Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyEuropean Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyInstitute of Astronomy , KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, BelgiumMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyCENTRA—Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação , IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto , Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanySchool of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKMax Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyUniv. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyUniversité Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, FranceMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL , Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne , Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.pl; Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7 AL, UKAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.pl; Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics , Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.pl; Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, Villanova University , 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USAAstronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland ; pmroz@astrouw.edu.plUniversity of Canterbury , School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New ZealandKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; National University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113, Republic of KoreaCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, IsraelCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of KoreaKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Astronomy, Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAInterferometric observations of gravitational microlensing events offer an opportunity for precise, efficient, and direct mass and distance measurements of lensing objects, especially those of isolated neutron stars and black holes. However, such observations have previously been possible for only a handful of extremely bright events. The recent development of a dual-field interferometer, GRAVITY Wide, has made it possible to reach out to significantly fainter objects and increase the pool of microlensing events amenable to interferometric observations by 2 orders of magnitude. Here, we present the first successful observation of a microlensing event with GRAVITY Wide and the resolution of microlensed images in the event OGLE-2023-BLG-0061/KMT-2023-BLG-0496. We measure the angular Einstein radius of the lens with subpercent precision, θ _E = 1.280 ± 0.009 mas. Combined with the microlensing parallax detected from the event light curve, the mass and distance to the lens are found to be 0.472 ± 0.012 M _⊙ and 1.81 ± 0.05 kpc, respectively. We present the procedure for the selection of targets for interferometric observations and discuss possible systematic effects affecting GRAVITY Wide data. This detection demonstrates the capabilities of the new instrument, and it opens up completely new possibilities for the follow-up of microlensing events and future routine discoveries of isolated neutron stars and black holes.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b14Gravitational microlensingOptical interferometry |
| spellingShingle | Przemek Mróz Subo Dong Antoine Mérand Jinyi Shangguan Julien Woillez Andrew Gould Andrzej Udalski Frank Eisenhauer Yoon-Hyun Ryu Zexuan Wu Zhuokai Liu Hongjing Yang — Guillaume Bourdarot Denis Defrère Antonia Drescher Maximilian Fabricius Paulo Garcia Reinhard Genzel Stefan Gillessen Sebastian F. Hönig Laura Kreidberg Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin Dieter Lutz Florentin Millour Thomas Ott Thibaut Paumard Jonas Sauter T. Taro Shimizu Christian Straubmeier Matthias Subroweit Felix Widmann (The GRAVITY+ Collaboration) Michał K. Szymański Igor Soszyński Paweł Pietrukowicz Szymon Kozłowski Radosław Poleski Jan Skowron Krzysztof Ulaczyk Mariusz Gromadzki Krzysztof Rybicki Patryk Iwanek Marcin Wrona Mateusz J. Mróz (The OGLE Collaboration) Michael D. Albrow Sun-Ju Chung Cheongho Han Kyu-Ha Hwang Youn Kil Jung In-Gu Shin Yossi Shvartzvald Jennifer C. Yee Weicheng Zang Sang-Mok Cha Dong-Jin Kim Seung-Lee Kim Chung-Uk Lee Dong-Joo Lee Yongseok Lee Byeong-Gon Park Richard W. Pogge (KMTNet Collaboration) Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects The Astrophysical Journal Gravitational microlensing Optical interferometry |
| title | Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects |
| title_full | Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects |
| title_fullStr | Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects |
| title_short | Observations of Microlensed Images with Dual-field Interferometry: On-sky Demonstration and Prospects |
| title_sort | observations of microlensed images with dual field interferometry on sky demonstration and prospects |
| topic | Gravitational microlensing Optical interferometry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b14 |
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