Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Background Veterans experience a high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) due to combat‐related incidents such as explosive blasts, penetrating injuries, and blunt force trauma. These military TBIs are often more complex than civilian TBIs, leading to increased long‐term neurologi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ali Mortezaei, Negin Safari, Hediye Gholamshahi, Kimia Kazemzadeh, Abbas Tafakhori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Health Science Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70863
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849243094387523584
author Ali Mortezaei
Negin Safari
Hediye Gholamshahi
Kimia Kazemzadeh
Abbas Tafakhori
author_facet Ali Mortezaei
Negin Safari
Hediye Gholamshahi
Kimia Kazemzadeh
Abbas Tafakhori
author_sort Ali Mortezaei
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Veterans experience a high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) due to combat‐related incidents such as explosive blasts, penetrating injuries, and blunt force trauma. These military TBIs are often more complex than civilian TBIs, leading to increased long‐term neurological consequences. Over 414,000 service members have been diagnosed with TBI since 2000, highlighting the need to understand the implications of these injuries and the neurosurgical challenges in their treatment. Methods This narrative review examines the literature on TBIs in veterans, focusing on the characteristics, health impacts, and neurosurgical challenges associated with these injuries. The review synthesizes relevant articles to provide an overview of the topic. Results Veterans with TBIs commonly experience cognitive deficits, including impairments in memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and visual disturbances. Research explores the relationship between TBI and neurodegenerative diseases, with some studies indicating a correlation between TBI severity and an increased risk of all‐cause and vascular dementia. Managing TBIs in veterans presents neurosurgical challenges such as timely diagnosis and intervention, tailored treatment approaches due to injury variability (blast vs. blunt trauma), and co‐occurring conditions like PTSD and depression. Initial medical measures include osmotherapy, sedation, hyperventilation, oxygenation, control of temperature and infection. In specific scenarios, an external ventricular drain (EVD) may be necessary to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Conclusion Addressing TBIs in veterans necessitates a multidisciplinary approach with timely neurosurgical interventions, comprehensive rehabilitation, and mental health support. Future research should develop targeted treatments and explore novel technologies to improve recovery outcomes. Clinicians should prioritize early screening for TBI and co‐occurring conditions, while policymakers should improve access to specialized TBI care, ultimately enhancing veterans' long‐term quality of life.
format Article
id doaj-art-f032873edf044a4d86f6807b99139e1d
institution Kabale University
issn 2398-8835
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Health Science Reports
spelling doaj-art-f032873edf044a4d86f6807b99139e1d2025-08-20T03:59:36ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352025-05-0185n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.70863Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative ReviewAli Mortezaei0Negin Safari1Hediye Gholamshahi2Kimia Kazemzadeh3Abbas Tafakhori4Network of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran IranNetwork of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran IranNetwork of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran IranNetwork of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran IranNetwork of Neurosurgery and Artificial Intelligence (NONAI) Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran IranABSTRACT Background Veterans experience a high prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) due to combat‐related incidents such as explosive blasts, penetrating injuries, and blunt force trauma. These military TBIs are often more complex than civilian TBIs, leading to increased long‐term neurological consequences. Over 414,000 service members have been diagnosed with TBI since 2000, highlighting the need to understand the implications of these injuries and the neurosurgical challenges in their treatment. Methods This narrative review examines the literature on TBIs in veterans, focusing on the characteristics, health impacts, and neurosurgical challenges associated with these injuries. The review synthesizes relevant articles to provide an overview of the topic. Results Veterans with TBIs commonly experience cognitive deficits, including impairments in memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and visual disturbances. Research explores the relationship between TBI and neurodegenerative diseases, with some studies indicating a correlation between TBI severity and an increased risk of all‐cause and vascular dementia. Managing TBIs in veterans presents neurosurgical challenges such as timely diagnosis and intervention, tailored treatment approaches due to injury variability (blast vs. blunt trauma), and co‐occurring conditions like PTSD and depression. Initial medical measures include osmotherapy, sedation, hyperventilation, oxygenation, control of temperature and infection. In specific scenarios, an external ventricular drain (EVD) may be necessary to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Conclusion Addressing TBIs in veterans necessitates a multidisciplinary approach with timely neurosurgical interventions, comprehensive rehabilitation, and mental health support. Future research should develop targeted treatments and explore novel technologies to improve recovery outcomes. Clinicians should prioritize early screening for TBI and co‐occurring conditions, while policymakers should improve access to specialized TBI care, ultimately enhancing veterans' long‐term quality of life.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70863brain injuryneurosurgeryTBItraumatic brain injuryveterans
spellingShingle Ali Mortezaei
Negin Safari
Hediye Gholamshahi
Kimia Kazemzadeh
Abbas Tafakhori
Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review
Health Science Reports
brain injury
neurosurgery
TBI
traumatic brain injury
veterans
title Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review
title_full Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review
title_short Veterans Traumatic Brain Injuries and Neurosurgical Challenges: A Narrative Review
title_sort veterans traumatic brain injuries and neurosurgical challenges a narrative review
topic brain injury
neurosurgery
TBI
traumatic brain injury
veterans
url https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70863
work_keys_str_mv AT alimortezaei veteranstraumaticbraininjuriesandneurosurgicalchallengesanarrativereview
AT neginsafari veteranstraumaticbraininjuriesandneurosurgicalchallengesanarrativereview
AT hediyegholamshahi veteranstraumaticbraininjuriesandneurosurgicalchallengesanarrativereview
AT kimiakazemzadeh veteranstraumaticbraininjuriesandneurosurgicalchallengesanarrativereview
AT abbastafakhori veteranstraumaticbraininjuriesandneurosurgicalchallengesanarrativereview