Serum α-Klotho mediates the association between blood toluene and BUN: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013–2016

Background: Toluene is a common volatile organic compound (VOC) that usually enters the body through breathing or skin absorption. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a by-product of protein metabolism and is commonly used as an indicator to assess renal function. α-Klotho protein is detected mainly in the...

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Main Authors: Zhu Tian, Cheng Guo, Xiaorui Zhang, Kai Liu, Juan Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325010735
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