Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely owing to its heterogeneity and the involvement of multiple intracellular signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance. While recent advancemen...
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2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/549 |
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| author | Muhammad Furqan Richard J. R. Elliott Peter W. K. Nagle John C. Dawson Roza Masalmeh Virginia Alvarez Garcia Alison F. Munro Camilla Drake Gillian M. Morrison Steven M. Pollard Daniel Ebner Valerie G. Brunton Margaret C. Frame Neil O. Carragher |
| author_facet | Muhammad Furqan Richard J. R. Elliott Peter W. K. Nagle John C. Dawson Roza Masalmeh Virginia Alvarez Garcia Alison F. Munro Camilla Drake Gillian M. Morrison Steven M. Pollard Daniel Ebner Valerie G. Brunton Margaret C. Frame Neil O. Carragher |
| author_sort | Muhammad Furqan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely owing to its heterogeneity and the involvement of multiple intracellular signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance. While recent advancements in targeted drug combination therapies, such as dabrafenib and trametinib, show promise for certain GBM subgroups, identifying effective drug combinations across the broader GBM population remains a challenge. Integrin-mediated signaling, particularly through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), plays a pivotal role in GBM pathogenesis and invasion, making it a potential therapeutic target and component of future drug combination strategies. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, we utilized a chemogenomic screening approach to identify synergistic drug combinations that target FAK in glioblastoma. We initially employed a CRISPR-engineered GBM model to assess the effects of FAK depletion and subsequently discovered that combining FAK inhibitors such as VS4718 with MEK inhibitors, particularly trametinib, demonstrated synergistic effects. This potent combination was validated using various 2D and 3D assays, including cell viability/apoptosis assessment, synergistic analysis, cellular imaging, and target engagement assays. This combination also effectively inhibited spheroid growth and invasion across a diverse panel of patient-derived GBM stem cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects include suppression of multiple kinase signaling pathways and enhanced apoptosis, elucidated using Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA) profiling and Western blot validation. <b>Result</b>: In vivo, combination therapy significantly reduced the tumor volume in orthotopic transplantation models. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that the combination of FAK and MEK inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the challenges of GBM treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f00811946ad043049b8acb8afd745c19 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-f00811946ad043049b8acb8afd745c192025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-04-0117554910.3390/pharmaceutics17050549Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in GlioblastomaMuhammad Furqan0Richard J. R. Elliott1Peter W. K. Nagle2John C. Dawson3Roza Masalmeh4Virginia Alvarez Garcia5Alison F. Munro6Camilla Drake7Gillian M. Morrison8Steven M. Pollard9Daniel Ebner10Valerie G. Brunton11Margaret C. Frame12Neil O. Carragher13Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKCancer Research UK Scotland Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UKCancer Research UK Scotland Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UKNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UKEdinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, largely owing to its heterogeneity and the involvement of multiple intracellular signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance. While recent advancements in targeted drug combination therapies, such as dabrafenib and trametinib, show promise for certain GBM subgroups, identifying effective drug combinations across the broader GBM population remains a challenge. Integrin-mediated signaling, particularly through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), plays a pivotal role in GBM pathogenesis and invasion, making it a potential therapeutic target and component of future drug combination strategies. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, we utilized a chemogenomic screening approach to identify synergistic drug combinations that target FAK in glioblastoma. We initially employed a CRISPR-engineered GBM model to assess the effects of FAK depletion and subsequently discovered that combining FAK inhibitors such as VS4718 with MEK inhibitors, particularly trametinib, demonstrated synergistic effects. This potent combination was validated using various 2D and 3D assays, including cell viability/apoptosis assessment, synergistic analysis, cellular imaging, and target engagement assays. This combination also effectively inhibited spheroid growth and invasion across a diverse panel of patient-derived GBM stem cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects include suppression of multiple kinase signaling pathways and enhanced apoptosis, elucidated using Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA) profiling and Western blot validation. <b>Result</b>: In vivo, combination therapy significantly reduced the tumor volume in orthotopic transplantation models. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that the combination of FAK and MEK inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the challenges of GBM treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/549focal adhesion kinase (FAK)MEKglioblastomatumor heterogeneitycombination therapychemogenomic screening |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Furqan Richard J. R. Elliott Peter W. K. Nagle John C. Dawson Roza Masalmeh Virginia Alvarez Garcia Alison F. Munro Camilla Drake Gillian M. Morrison Steven M. Pollard Daniel Ebner Valerie G. Brunton Margaret C. Frame Neil O. Carragher Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma Pharmaceutics focal adhesion kinase (FAK) MEK glioblastoma tumor heterogeneity combination therapy chemogenomic screening |
| title | Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma |
| title_full | Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma |
| title_fullStr | Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma |
| title_short | Drug Combinations Targeting FAK and MEK Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma |
| title_sort | drug combinations targeting fak and mek overcomes tumor heterogeneity in glioblastoma |
| topic | focal adhesion kinase (FAK) MEK glioblastoma tumor heterogeneity combination therapy chemogenomic screening |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/549 |
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