Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals

Abstract Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a critical emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Outcomes depend on bleeding severity, patient risk factors, and comorbidities. This study evaluated clinical patterns and factors influencing disease severity and hospital sta...

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Main Authors: Missgana Worku Belete, Molla Asnake Kebede, Meaza Rorisa Bedane, Trhas Tadesse Berhe, Alemayehu Beharu Tekle, Erkihun Pawlos Shash, Misikr Alemu Eshetu, Girma Daniel Bushiso, Biruk Yacob Loge
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:International Journal of Emergency Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00768-1
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author Missgana Worku Belete
Molla Asnake Kebede
Meaza Rorisa Bedane
Trhas Tadesse Berhe
Alemayehu Beharu Tekle
Erkihun Pawlos Shash
Misikr Alemu Eshetu
Girma Daniel Bushiso
Biruk Yacob Loge
author_facet Missgana Worku Belete
Molla Asnake Kebede
Meaza Rorisa Bedane
Trhas Tadesse Berhe
Alemayehu Beharu Tekle
Erkihun Pawlos Shash
Misikr Alemu Eshetu
Girma Daniel Bushiso
Biruk Yacob Loge
author_sort Missgana Worku Belete
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a critical emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Outcomes depend on bleeding severity, patient risk factors, and comorbidities. This study evaluated clinical patterns and factors influencing disease severity and hospital stay among patients present with UGIB symptoms at two major Ethiopian hospitals. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional review was conducted on 199 UGIB patients admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College (Y12HMC) and Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from September 2022 to September 2023. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, endoscopic findings, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression assessed associations, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results Of 199 patients, 70.9% were male, predominantly aged 18–40. Hematemesis (63.8%) and hematemesis with melena (27.6%) were common presentations. Endoscopy was not performed on more than half of the participants, with 116 patients (58.3%) not undergoing this procedure. Among the 83 cases who did have endoscopy, esophageal varices emerged as the most common condition, observed in 43.3% (36 cases. Smoking (AOR = 1.77), alcohol intake (AOR = 1.89), and drug use (AOR = 1.34) were linked to higher severity scores. Alcohol use, comorbidities, liver disease, and previous drug use correlated with prolonged hospital stays. Conclusion UGIB predominantly affects younger males, with hematemesis as the primary presentation. Key factors like smoking, alcohol intake, and drug use were associated with greater disease severity and longer hospital stays. These findings suggest the importance of lifestyle interventions, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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spelling doaj-art-eff3ee5290f24214b632b594bba7b7752025-08-20T02:20:38ZengBMCInternational Journal of Emergency Medicine1865-13802024-12-0117111310.1186/s12245-024-00768-1Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitalsMissgana Worku Belete0Molla Asnake Kebede1Meaza Rorisa Bedane2Trhas Tadesse Berhe3Alemayehu Beharu Tekle4Erkihun Pawlos Shash5Misikr Alemu Eshetu6Girma Daniel Bushiso7Biruk Yacob Loge8Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi UniversityDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical CollegeDepartment of Epidemiology, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical CollegeEmergency Department, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi UniversityDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi UniversityInternal Medicine Unite, Durame General Hospital, SNNPRAbstract Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a critical emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Outcomes depend on bleeding severity, patient risk factors, and comorbidities. This study evaluated clinical patterns and factors influencing disease severity and hospital stay among patients present with UGIB symptoms at two major Ethiopian hospitals. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional review was conducted on 199 UGIB patients admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College (Y12HMC) and Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from September 2022 to September 2023. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, endoscopic findings, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression assessed associations, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results Of 199 patients, 70.9% were male, predominantly aged 18–40. Hematemesis (63.8%) and hematemesis with melena (27.6%) were common presentations. Endoscopy was not performed on more than half of the participants, with 116 patients (58.3%) not undergoing this procedure. Among the 83 cases who did have endoscopy, esophageal varices emerged as the most common condition, observed in 43.3% (36 cases. Smoking (AOR = 1.77), alcohol intake (AOR = 1.89), and drug use (AOR = 1.34) were linked to higher severity scores. Alcohol use, comorbidities, liver disease, and previous drug use correlated with prolonged hospital stays. Conclusion UGIB predominantly affects younger males, with hematemesis as the primary presentation. Key factors like smoking, alcohol intake, and drug use were associated with greater disease severity and longer hospital stays. These findings suggest the importance of lifestyle interventions, particularly in resource-limited settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00768-1Upper gastrointestinal bleedingDisease severityLength of hospital stayHematemesisEsophageal varicesDuodenal ulcers
spellingShingle Missgana Worku Belete
Molla Asnake Kebede
Meaza Rorisa Bedane
Trhas Tadesse Berhe
Alemayehu Beharu Tekle
Erkihun Pawlos Shash
Misikr Alemu Eshetu
Girma Daniel Bushiso
Biruk Yacob Loge
Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals
International Journal of Emergency Medicine
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Disease severity
Length of hospital stay
Hematemesis
Esophageal varices
Duodenal ulcers
title Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals
title_full Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals
title_fullStr Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals
title_short Factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: insights from two Ethiopian hospitals
title_sort factors associated with severity and length of hospital stay in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding insights from two ethiopian hospitals
topic Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Disease severity
Length of hospital stay
Hematemesis
Esophageal varices
Duodenal ulcers
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00768-1
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