Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles
High temperature events have occurred frequently in recent years under global warming conditions. High temperature during panicle initiation (PI) poses significant negative impacts on rice grain yield. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) is widely adopted in rice cultivation. Here, to inve...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1598652/full |
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| author | Ti Gao Ti Gao Ti Gao Keran Xie Keran Xie Keran Xie Qiuqian Hu Qiuqian Hu Qiuqian Hu Chao Wu Chao Wu Chao Wu Zhenmei Wang Zhenmei Wang Zhenmei Wang Wencheng Wang Wencheng Wang Wencheng Wang Dongliang Xiong Dongliang Xiong Dongliang Xiong Jianliang Huang Jianliang Huang Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng Shaobing Peng Shaobing Peng Kehui Cui Kehui Cui Kehui Cui |
| author_facet | Ti Gao Ti Gao Ti Gao Keran Xie Keran Xie Keran Xie Qiuqian Hu Qiuqian Hu Qiuqian Hu Chao Wu Chao Wu Chao Wu Zhenmei Wang Zhenmei Wang Zhenmei Wang Wencheng Wang Wencheng Wang Wencheng Wang Dongliang Xiong Dongliang Xiong Dongliang Xiong Jianliang Huang Jianliang Huang Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng Shaobing Peng Shaobing Peng Kehui Cui Kehui Cui Kehui Cui |
| author_sort | Ti Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High temperature events have occurred frequently in recent years under global warming conditions. High temperature during panicle initiation (PI) poses significant negative impacts on rice grain yield. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) is widely adopted in rice cultivation. Here, to investigate the alleviating effect of AWD on heat damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.), we selected four rice varieties with different high-temperature resistance (Liangyoupeijiu, IR64, Huanghuazhan, Shanyou 63), two irrigation treatments at the tillering stage including AWD and continuous flooding (CF) and two temperature treatments at the PI stage (high daytime temperature, HDT; and control temperature, CK) were applied. HDT significantly reduced the yield of all four varieties except for Shanyou 63, primarily by decreasing the spikelet fertility and spikelet number, while AWD significantly improved the two traits under HDT. Moreover, HDT reduced the photosynthetic rate, increased the starch content in leaves and stems, and decreased the transport of sucrose to panicles. AWD reduced the panicle temperature, promoted sucrose synthesis in leaves, increased sucrose content and sucrose hydrolase activity in panicles under HDT. HDT also increased the content of abscisic acid and decreased that of cytokinins (CTKs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellins (GAs) in panicles under CF. AWD increased the expression of CTK biosynthesis genes (IPT, CYP735A, LOG) and decreased that of CTK degradation gene CKX in roots and panicles under HDT, while enhanced the xylem sap flow rate and contents of CTKs, IAA, and GAs in panicles. Furthermore, AWD exhibited a more pronounced alleviating effect on HDT damage in heat-sensitive varieties than in heat-tolerant varieties. In summary, AWD leads to lower panicle temperature and higher photosynthetic rate, sucrose content, and CTK level in panicles, which together enhance the heat tolerance at the PI stage, and therefore is a sustainable and feasible strategy to mitigate heat-induced yield loss in rice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-efe9cbfb62ea45f88554ae0589f49c46 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-efe9cbfb62ea45f88554ae0589f49c462025-08-20T03:22:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15986521598652Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in paniclesTi Gao0Ti Gao1Ti Gao2Keran Xie3Keran Xie4Keran Xie5Qiuqian Hu6Qiuqian Hu7Qiuqian Hu8Chao Wu9Chao Wu10Chao Wu11Zhenmei Wang12Zhenmei Wang13Zhenmei Wang14Wencheng Wang15Wencheng Wang16Wencheng Wang17Dongliang Xiong18Dongliang Xiong19Dongliang Xiong20Jianliang Huang21Jianliang Huang22Jianliang Huang23Shaobing Peng24Shaobing Peng25Shaobing Peng26Kehui Cui27Kehui Cui28Kehui Cui29National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaHigh temperature events have occurred frequently in recent years under global warming conditions. High temperature during panicle initiation (PI) poses significant negative impacts on rice grain yield. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) is widely adopted in rice cultivation. Here, to investigate the alleviating effect of AWD on heat damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.), we selected four rice varieties with different high-temperature resistance (Liangyoupeijiu, IR64, Huanghuazhan, Shanyou 63), two irrigation treatments at the tillering stage including AWD and continuous flooding (CF) and two temperature treatments at the PI stage (high daytime temperature, HDT; and control temperature, CK) were applied. HDT significantly reduced the yield of all four varieties except for Shanyou 63, primarily by decreasing the spikelet fertility and spikelet number, while AWD significantly improved the two traits under HDT. Moreover, HDT reduced the photosynthetic rate, increased the starch content in leaves and stems, and decreased the transport of sucrose to panicles. AWD reduced the panicle temperature, promoted sucrose synthesis in leaves, increased sucrose content and sucrose hydrolase activity in panicles under HDT. HDT also increased the content of abscisic acid and decreased that of cytokinins (CTKs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellins (GAs) in panicles under CF. AWD increased the expression of CTK biosynthesis genes (IPT, CYP735A, LOG) and decreased that of CTK degradation gene CKX in roots and panicles under HDT, while enhanced the xylem sap flow rate and contents of CTKs, IAA, and GAs in panicles. Furthermore, AWD exhibited a more pronounced alleviating effect on HDT damage in heat-sensitive varieties than in heat-tolerant varieties. In summary, AWD leads to lower panicle temperature and higher photosynthetic rate, sucrose content, and CTK level in panicles, which together enhance the heat tolerance at the PI stage, and therefore is a sustainable and feasible strategy to mitigate heat-induced yield loss in rice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1598652/fullalternate wetting and drying irrigationhigh temperature stressplant hormonespanicle initiationspikelet fertilitytranspirational cooling |
| spellingShingle | Ti Gao Ti Gao Ti Gao Keran Xie Keran Xie Keran Xie Qiuqian Hu Qiuqian Hu Qiuqian Hu Chao Wu Chao Wu Chao Wu Zhenmei Wang Zhenmei Wang Zhenmei Wang Wencheng Wang Wencheng Wang Wencheng Wang Dongliang Xiong Dongliang Xiong Dongliang Xiong Jianliang Huang Jianliang Huang Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng Shaobing Peng Shaobing Peng Kehui Cui Kehui Cui Kehui Cui Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles Frontiers in Plant Science alternate wetting and drying irrigation high temperature stress plant hormones panicle initiation spikelet fertility transpirational cooling |
| title | Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles |
| title_full | Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles |
| title_fullStr | Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles |
| title_short | Alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles |
| title_sort | alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering stage enhances the heat tolerance of rice by increasing sucrose and cytokinin content in panicles |
| topic | alternate wetting and drying irrigation high temperature stress plant hormones panicle initiation spikelet fertility transpirational cooling |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1598652/full |
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