Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
Foliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical at...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564026/full |
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| author | Amir Ali Karami Vahid Abdossi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi |
| author_facet | Amir Ali Karami Vahid Abdossi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi |
| author_sort | Amir Ali Karami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical attributes of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Put and Spd application at various spraying times. Plants received spray treatments with doses of 0.5 and 1 mM of Put and Spd during bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages. According to the findings, both Put and Spd enhanced fruit and plant yield, although Put had a greater effect. The best timing to apply foliar spraying was observed during the fruit development stage. In plants sprayed at the fruit development stage, Put at 1 mM led to increased plant height (11%), SPAD value (17%), fruit yield (80%), fruit firmness (34%), anthocyanin (31%), total phenolic content (TPC, 14%), total flavonoid content (TFC, 35%), stomatal length (45%), stomatal width (40%), nitrogen (N, 43%), phosphorous (P, 21%), and potassium (K, 18%), but decreased antioxidant capacity (IC50, 36%) and stomatal density (19%) relative to the control. In response to the management for bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages, fruit yield in plants sprayed with Put at 1 mM increased by 55, 80, and 64%, respectively. Heat map analysis revealed the maximum variability among traits associated with fruit yield under the treatments. The research suggests that strategic foliar application of Put and Spd at specific growth stages can enhance blueberry yield and quality, with the fruit development stage showing promising results. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-efdf8c9a75e4466a8ef8f3a0f6eff003 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-efdf8c9a75e4466a8ef8f3a0f6eff0032025-08-20T03:12:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15640261564026Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changesAmir Ali Karami0Vahid Abdossi1Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi2Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi3Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IranFoliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical attributes of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Put and Spd application at various spraying times. Plants received spray treatments with doses of 0.5 and 1 mM of Put and Spd during bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages. According to the findings, both Put and Spd enhanced fruit and plant yield, although Put had a greater effect. The best timing to apply foliar spraying was observed during the fruit development stage. In plants sprayed at the fruit development stage, Put at 1 mM led to increased plant height (11%), SPAD value (17%), fruit yield (80%), fruit firmness (34%), anthocyanin (31%), total phenolic content (TPC, 14%), total flavonoid content (TFC, 35%), stomatal length (45%), stomatal width (40%), nitrogen (N, 43%), phosphorous (P, 21%), and potassium (K, 18%), but decreased antioxidant capacity (IC50, 36%) and stomatal density (19%) relative to the control. In response to the management for bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages, fruit yield in plants sprayed with Put at 1 mM increased by 55, 80, and 64%, respectively. Heat map analysis revealed the maximum variability among traits associated with fruit yield under the treatments. The research suggests that strategic foliar application of Put and Spd at specific growth stages can enhance blueberry yield and quality, with the fruit development stage showing promising results.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564026/fullantioxidant potentialfruit yieldpolyaminesspraying schedulestomatal density |
| spellingShingle | Amir Ali Karami Vahid Abdossi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes Frontiers in Plant Science antioxidant potential fruit yield polyamines spraying schedule stomatal density |
| title | Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes |
| title_full | Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes |
| title_short | Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes |
| title_sort | optimizing blueberry vaccinium corymbosum l yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes |
| topic | antioxidant potential fruit yield polyamines spraying schedule stomatal density |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564026/full |
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