Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes

Foliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical at...

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Main Authors: Amir Ali Karami, Vahid Abdossi, Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi, Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564026/full
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author Amir Ali Karami
Vahid Abdossi
Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi
author_facet Amir Ali Karami
Vahid Abdossi
Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi
author_sort Amir Ali Karami
collection DOAJ
description Foliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical attributes of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Put and Spd application at various spraying times. Plants received spray treatments with doses of 0.5 and 1 mM of Put and Spd during bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages. According to the findings, both Put and Spd enhanced fruit and plant yield, although Put had a greater effect. The best timing to apply foliar spraying was observed during the fruit development stage. In plants sprayed at the fruit development stage, Put at 1 mM led to increased plant height (11%), SPAD value (17%), fruit yield (80%), fruit firmness (34%), anthocyanin (31%), total phenolic content (TPC, 14%), total flavonoid content (TFC, 35%), stomatal length (45%), stomatal width (40%), nitrogen (N, 43%), phosphorous (P, 21%), and potassium (K, 18%), but decreased antioxidant capacity (IC50, 36%) and stomatal density (19%) relative to the control. In response to the management for bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages, fruit yield in plants sprayed with Put at 1 mM increased by 55, 80, and 64%, respectively. Heat map analysis revealed the maximum variability among traits associated with fruit yield under the treatments. The research suggests that strategic foliar application of Put and Spd at specific growth stages can enhance blueberry yield and quality, with the fruit development stage showing promising results.
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spelling doaj-art-efdf8c9a75e4466a8ef8f3a0f6eff0032025-08-20T03:12:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15640261564026Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changesAmir Ali Karami0Vahid Abdossi1Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi2Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi3Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Horticultural Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IranFoliar spraying of polyamines, such as putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd), has been shown to improve plant and fruit yield. However, the optimal time for spraying these polyamines is still uncertain. The present study was conducted to evaluate plant growth, stomatal parameters, and biochemical attributes of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Put and Spd application at various spraying times. Plants received spray treatments with doses of 0.5 and 1 mM of Put and Spd during bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages. According to the findings, both Put and Spd enhanced fruit and plant yield, although Put had a greater effect. The best timing to apply foliar spraying was observed during the fruit development stage. In plants sprayed at the fruit development stage, Put at 1 mM led to increased plant height (11%), SPAD value (17%), fruit yield (80%), fruit firmness (34%), anthocyanin (31%), total phenolic content (TPC, 14%), total flavonoid content (TFC, 35%), stomatal length (45%), stomatal width (40%), nitrogen (N, 43%), phosphorous (P, 21%), and potassium (K, 18%), but decreased antioxidant capacity (IC50, 36%) and stomatal density (19%) relative to the control. In response to the management for bloom, fruit development, and ripening stages, fruit yield in plants sprayed with Put at 1 mM increased by 55, 80, and 64%, respectively. Heat map analysis revealed the maximum variability among traits associated with fruit yield under the treatments. The research suggests that strategic foliar application of Put and Spd at specific growth stages can enhance blueberry yield and quality, with the fruit development stage showing promising results.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564026/fullantioxidant potentialfruit yieldpolyaminesspraying schedulestomatal density
spellingShingle Amir Ali Karami
Vahid Abdossi
Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abdolhosain Aboutalebi Jahromi
Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
Frontiers in Plant Science
antioxidant potential
fruit yield
polyamines
spraying schedule
stomatal density
title Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
title_full Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
title_fullStr Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
title_short Optimizing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
title_sort optimizing blueberry vaccinium corymbosum l yield with strategic foliar application of putrescin and spermidine at key growth stages through biochemical and anatomical changes
topic antioxidant potential
fruit yield
polyamines
spraying schedule
stomatal density
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1564026/full
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