Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards

Abstract Pierce’s disease (PD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, which affects grapevines in the Americas. Currently, vineyards in continental Europe, the world’s largest producer of quality wine, have not yet been affected by PD. However, climate change may alter...

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Main Authors: Àlex Giménez-Romero, Maialen Iturbide, Eduardo Moralejo, José M. Gutiérrez, Manuel A. Matías
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59947-y
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author Àlex Giménez-Romero
Maialen Iturbide
Eduardo Moralejo
José M. Gutiérrez
Manuel A. Matías
author_facet Àlex Giménez-Romero
Maialen Iturbide
Eduardo Moralejo
José M. Gutiérrez
Manuel A. Matías
author_sort Àlex Giménez-Romero
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Pierce’s disease (PD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, which affects grapevines in the Americas. Currently, vineyards in continental Europe, the world’s largest producer of quality wine, have not yet been affected by PD. However, climate change may alter this situation. Here we incorporate the latest regional climate change projections into a climate-driven epidemiological model to assess the risk of PD epidemics in Europe for different levels of global warming. We found a significant increase in risk above $$+\,2\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ + 2 ∘ C in the main wine-producing regions of France, Italy and Portugal, in addition to a critical tipping point above $$+\,3\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ + 3 ∘ C for the possible spread of PD beyond the Mediterranean. The model identifies decreasing risk trends in Spain, as well as contrasting patterns across the continent with different velocities of risk change and epidemic growth rates. Although there is some uncertainty in model projections over time, spatial patterns of risk are consistent across different climate models. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the future of PD at multiple spatial scales (country, Protected Designation of Origin and vineyard), revealing where, why and when PD could become a new threat to the European wine industry.
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spelling doaj-art-efcb89ee3cae45e099f120ab48f23be42025-08-20T02:22:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-04-0114111210.1038/s41598-024-59947-yGlobal warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyardsÀlex Giménez-Romero0Maialen Iturbide1Eduardo Moralejo2José M. Gutiérrez3Manuel A. Matías4Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC, CSIC-UIB)Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-University of Cantabria)TragsaInstituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA, CSIC-University of Cantabria)Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC, CSIC-UIB)Abstract Pierce’s disease (PD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, which affects grapevines in the Americas. Currently, vineyards in continental Europe, the world’s largest producer of quality wine, have not yet been affected by PD. However, climate change may alter this situation. Here we incorporate the latest regional climate change projections into a climate-driven epidemiological model to assess the risk of PD epidemics in Europe for different levels of global warming. We found a significant increase in risk above $$+\,2\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ + 2 ∘ C in the main wine-producing regions of France, Italy and Portugal, in addition to a critical tipping point above $$+\,3\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ + 3 ∘ C for the possible spread of PD beyond the Mediterranean. The model identifies decreasing risk trends in Spain, as well as contrasting patterns across the continent with different velocities of risk change and epidemic growth rates. Although there is some uncertainty in model projections over time, spatial patterns of risk are consistent across different climate models. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the future of PD at multiple spatial scales (country, Protected Designation of Origin and vineyard), revealing where, why and when PD could become a new threat to the European wine industry.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59947-y
spellingShingle Àlex Giménez-Romero
Maialen Iturbide
Eduardo Moralejo
José M. Gutiérrez
Manuel A. Matías
Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
Scientific Reports
title Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
title_full Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
title_fullStr Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
title_full_unstemmed Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
title_short Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
title_sort global warming significantly increases the risk of pierce s disease epidemics in european vineyards
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59947-y
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