Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy through meta-analysis, and to provide countermeasures for early intervention and active prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed...

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Main Authors: Peng Zhou, Jin song Zhou, Jin jie Li, Lang Qin, Wen feng Hu, Xiao yi Zhang, Jian xia Wang, Zhen Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1564867/full
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author Peng Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin jie Li
Jin jie Li
Jin jie Li
Lang Qin
Wen feng Hu
Xiao yi Zhang
Jian xia Wang
Jian xia Wang
Jian xia Wang
Zhen Shi
Zhen Shi
Zhen Shi
author_facet Peng Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin jie Li
Jin jie Li
Jin jie Li
Lang Qin
Wen feng Hu
Xiao yi Zhang
Jian xia Wang
Jian xia Wang
Jian xia Wang
Zhen Shi
Zhen Shi
Zhen Shi
author_sort Peng Zhou
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy through meta-analysis, and to provide countermeasures for early intervention and active prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for articles published from the establishment of the database to November 2024. A total of 14 studies (nine cross-sectional studies and five cohort studies) qualified for meta-analysis. We used a random-effects meta-analysis and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias.ResultsA total of 14 studies (nine cross-sectional, five cohort) were included. The prevalence of PDPN was estimated at 33.9% (95% CI [19.4%−48.5%]). Significant risk factors included female gender (OR = 1.29, P = 0.004), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (WMD = 0.14, P < 0.001), nephropathy (OR = 1.41, P < 0.001), retinopathy (OR = 1.32, P = 0.040), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.46, P < 0.001), arterial hypertension (OR = 1.25, P = 0.047), triglycerides levels (WMD = −0.10, P < 0.001), low density lipoprotein levels (WMD = −0.20, 1. 0.001), smoking (OR = 0.90, P = 0.001), drinking alcohol (OR = 0.87, P = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate levels (WMD = −7.11, P < 0.001), obesity (OR = 2.00, P = 0.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that female gender (OR = 1.42, P = 0.032), age of onset (OR = 1.19, P < 0.001), duration of diabetes (OR = 1.29, P < 0.001), and retinopathy (OR = 1.90, P = 0.032) were indicated as risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that female gender, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, smoking, drinking alcohol, glomerular filtration rate levels, obesity, age of onset and duration of diabetes are indicated as risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42025629060.
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spelling doaj-art-ef8b8c0d7a7d4830937c4b3a32d39ca52025-08-20T02:31:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-05-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15648671564867Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysisPeng Zhou0Jin song Zhou1Jin song Zhou2Jin song Zhou3Jin jie Li4Jin jie Li5Jin jie Li6Lang Qin7Wen feng Hu8Xiao yi Zhang9Jian xia Wang10Jian xia Wang11Jian xia Wang12Zhen Shi13Zhen Shi14Zhen Shi15The First Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical School, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaHubei Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy through meta-analysis, and to provide countermeasures for early intervention and active prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for articles published from the establishment of the database to November 2024. A total of 14 studies (nine cross-sectional studies and five cohort studies) qualified for meta-analysis. We used a random-effects meta-analysis and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias.ResultsA total of 14 studies (nine cross-sectional, five cohort) were included. The prevalence of PDPN was estimated at 33.9% (95% CI [19.4%−48.5%]). Significant risk factors included female gender (OR = 1.29, P = 0.004), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (WMD = 0.14, P < 0.001), nephropathy (OR = 1.41, P < 0.001), retinopathy (OR = 1.32, P = 0.040), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.46, P < 0.001), arterial hypertension (OR = 1.25, P = 0.047), triglycerides levels (WMD = −0.10, P < 0.001), low density lipoprotein levels (WMD = −0.20, 1. 0.001), smoking (OR = 0.90, P = 0.001), drinking alcohol (OR = 0.87, P = 0.001), glomerular filtration rate levels (WMD = −7.11, P < 0.001), obesity (OR = 2.00, P = 0.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that female gender (OR = 1.42, P = 0.032), age of onset (OR = 1.19, P < 0.001), duration of diabetes (OR = 1.29, P < 0.001), and retinopathy (OR = 1.90, P = 0.032) were indicated as risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that female gender, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, smoking, drinking alcohol, glomerular filtration rate levels, obesity, age of onset and duration of diabetes are indicated as risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42025629060.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1564867/fulldiabetes mellitus (DM)painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN)risk factorsystematic reviewmeta-analysis
spellingShingle Peng Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin song Zhou
Jin jie Li
Jin jie Li
Jin jie Li
Lang Qin
Wen feng Hu
Xiao yi Zhang
Jian xia Wang
Jian xia Wang
Jian xia Wang
Zhen Shi
Zhen Shi
Zhen Shi
Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Frontiers in Neurology
diabetes mellitus (DM)
painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN)
risk factor
systematic review
meta-analysis
title Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort prevalence and risk factors for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy a systematic review and meta analysis
topic diabetes mellitus (DM)
painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN)
risk factor
systematic review
meta-analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1564867/full
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