Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm

As a major emission pollutant from diesel engines, NOx is extremely harmful to the environment and human health. In order to reduce NOx emissions, countries around the world have been implementing increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The urea injection strategies of the Selective Catalytic...

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Main Authors: Xu Chen, Changhai Ma, Quanli Dou, Shuzhan Bai, Ke Sun, Zhenguo Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5195
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author Xu Chen
Changhai Ma
Quanli Dou
Shuzhan Bai
Ke Sun
Zhenguo Li
author_facet Xu Chen
Changhai Ma
Quanli Dou
Shuzhan Bai
Ke Sun
Zhenguo Li
author_sort Xu Chen
collection DOAJ
description As a major emission pollutant from diesel engines, NOx is extremely harmful to the environment and human health. In order to reduce NOx emissions, countries around the world have been implementing increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The urea injection strategies of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system are the main factors affecting NOx emissions and NH<sub>3</sub> slips of diesel engines. In this study, test data were obtained from an engine test stand and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was developed using the test data to predict NOx conversion efficiency and NH<sub>3</sub> slip. The SVM model was optimized using the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO) to improve its prediction accuracy and was made to replace the mathematical model to save computational time. Finally, the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to optimize the urea injection volume for all conditions. The optimized urea injection volume maximizes the NOx conversion efficiency of the SCR system while controlling the NH<sub>3</sub> slip within 10 ppm. In addition, based on this method, the urea injection pulse spectrum under full operating conditions was obtained, and the optimized urea injection amount can effectively reduce the NOx accumulation of the WHTC cycle by about 7.5%, as shown through bench testing.
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spelling doaj-art-ef7f08fc940747b5940f26df6f680e5c2025-08-20T02:58:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-01159519510.3390/app15095195Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic AlgorithmXu Chen0Changhai Ma1Quanli Dou2Shuzhan Bai3Ke Sun4Zhenguo Li5School of Nuclear Science and Energy Power, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, ChinaWeichai Power Co. Ltd., Weifang 261041, ChinaWeichai Power Co. Ltd., Weifang 261041, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Energy Power, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Energy Power, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology, China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300300, ChinaAs a major emission pollutant from diesel engines, NOx is extremely harmful to the environment and human health. In order to reduce NOx emissions, countries around the world have been implementing increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The urea injection strategies of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system are the main factors affecting NOx emissions and NH<sub>3</sub> slips of diesel engines. In this study, test data were obtained from an engine test stand and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was developed using the test data to predict NOx conversion efficiency and NH<sub>3</sub> slip. The SVM model was optimized using the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO) to improve its prediction accuracy and was made to replace the mathematical model to save computational time. Finally, the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used to optimize the urea injection volume for all conditions. The optimized urea injection volume maximizes the NOx conversion efficiency of the SCR system while controlling the NH<sub>3</sub> slip within 10 ppm. In addition, based on this method, the urea injection pulse spectrum under full operating conditions was obtained, and the optimized urea injection amount can effectively reduce the NOx accumulation of the WHTC cycle by about 7.5%, as shown through bench testing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5195crested porcupine optimizer support vector machineNondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm IIselective catalytic reductionurea injection
spellingShingle Xu Chen
Changhai Ma
Quanli Dou
Shuzhan Bai
Ke Sun
Zhenguo Li
Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm
Applied Sciences
crested porcupine optimizer support vector machine
Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II
selective catalytic reduction
urea injection
title Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm
title_full Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm
title_fullStr Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm
title_short Diesel Engine Urea Injection Optimization Based on the Crested Porcupine Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm
title_sort diesel engine urea injection optimization based on the crested porcupine optimizer and genetic algorithm
topic crested porcupine optimizer support vector machine
Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II
selective catalytic reduction
urea injection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5195
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