Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The maternal mortality ratio is one of the global health indicators, and cardiopathies are the leading indirect causes of maternal deaths. Proper management of pregnant women with heart disease is crucial, as the severity of these conditions can lead to comp...

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Main Authors: Felipe Favorette Campanharo, Edward Araujo Júnior, Daniel Born, Gustavo Yano Callado, Eduardo Félix Martins Santana, Sue Yazaki Sun, Rosiane Mattar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1524
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author Felipe Favorette Campanharo
Edward Araujo Júnior
Daniel Born
Gustavo Yano Callado
Eduardo Félix Martins Santana
Sue Yazaki Sun
Rosiane Mattar
author_facet Felipe Favorette Campanharo
Edward Araujo Júnior
Daniel Born
Gustavo Yano Callado
Eduardo Félix Martins Santana
Sue Yazaki Sun
Rosiane Mattar
author_sort Felipe Favorette Campanharo
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The maternal mortality ratio is one of the global health indicators, and cardiopathies are the leading indirect causes of maternal deaths. Proper management of pregnant women with heart disease is crucial, as the severity of these conditions can lead to complications during the perinatal period. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of severe maternal morbidity and associated factors in pregnant women with heart disease. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a referral hospital in São Paulo from 2008 to 2017, including pregnant women with heart disease who underwent procedures in the obstetric center (<i>n</i> = 345). Sociodemographic, obstetric, and pre-existing conditions were analyzed, along with life-threatening conditions, near-miss events, and maternal deaths. Heart diseases were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and health indicators were calculated using WHO-recommended formulas. The Chi-square test or Likelihood Ratio test (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was used to compare severe maternal morbidity among women with heart disease. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of participants was 29.1 ± 7.29 years; most were white (58.8%), had completed high school (37.9%), and were married (71.6%). The most frequent pre-existing conditions were hypertension (9.6%) and diabetes mellitus (9.3%). The mean gestational age at admission/delivery was 37 weeks. According to the WHO classification, most women were classified as “II/III” (31.6%). Life-threatening conditions included hemorrhagic complications (13.9%), hypertensive complications (5.8%), clinical complications (19.7%), and severe management conditions (31.6%). Near-miss events occurred in 6.4% of patients, with clinical criteria in 2.9%, laboratory criteria in 4.3%, and management criteria in 3.5%. The cesarean section rate was 51%. Patients classified as WHO III and IV presented more severe management conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and those in WHO IV had a higher occurrence of near-miss events (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Maternal mortality was 0.9% (<i>n</i> = 3). <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of severe maternal morbidity was 25 cases (22 near-miss events + 3 maternal deaths), equivalent to 2.86 per 1000 live births, and was significantly associated with WHO classifications III and IV.
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spelling doaj-art-ef4cedc116e748439e14b22670f0f5e92025-08-20T03:27:01ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011512152410.3390/diagnostics15121524Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort StudyFelipe Favorette Campanharo0Edward Araujo Júnior1Daniel Born2Gustavo Yano Callado3Eduardo Félix Martins Santana4Sue Yazaki Sun5Rosiane Mattar6Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, BrazilDepartment of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, BrazilDepartment of Cardiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, BrazilAlbert Einstein Israelite College of Health Sciences, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo 05653-120, SP, BrazilDepartment of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, BrazilDepartment of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, BrazilDepartment of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The maternal mortality ratio is one of the global health indicators, and cardiopathies are the leading indirect causes of maternal deaths. Proper management of pregnant women with heart disease is crucial, as the severity of these conditions can lead to complications during the perinatal period. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of severe maternal morbidity and associated factors in pregnant women with heart disease. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a referral hospital in São Paulo from 2008 to 2017, including pregnant women with heart disease who underwent procedures in the obstetric center (<i>n</i> = 345). Sociodemographic, obstetric, and pre-existing conditions were analyzed, along with life-threatening conditions, near-miss events, and maternal deaths. Heart diseases were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and health indicators were calculated using WHO-recommended formulas. The Chi-square test or Likelihood Ratio test (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was used to compare severe maternal morbidity among women with heart disease. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of participants was 29.1 ± 7.29 years; most were white (58.8%), had completed high school (37.9%), and were married (71.6%). The most frequent pre-existing conditions were hypertension (9.6%) and diabetes mellitus (9.3%). The mean gestational age at admission/delivery was 37 weeks. According to the WHO classification, most women were classified as “II/III” (31.6%). Life-threatening conditions included hemorrhagic complications (13.9%), hypertensive complications (5.8%), clinical complications (19.7%), and severe management conditions (31.6%). Near-miss events occurred in 6.4% of patients, with clinical criteria in 2.9%, laboratory criteria in 4.3%, and management criteria in 3.5%. The cesarean section rate was 51%. Patients classified as WHO III and IV presented more severe management conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and those in WHO IV had a higher occurrence of near-miss events (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Maternal mortality was 0.9% (<i>n</i> = 3). <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of severe maternal morbidity was 25 cases (22 near-miss events + 3 maternal deaths), equivalent to 2.86 per 1000 live births, and was significantly associated with WHO classifications III and IV.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1524high-risk pregnancycardiopathiesmorbiditynear miss
spellingShingle Felipe Favorette Campanharo
Edward Araujo Júnior
Daniel Born
Gustavo Yano Callado
Eduardo Félix Martins Santana
Sue Yazaki Sun
Rosiane Mattar
Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study
Diagnostics
high-risk pregnancy
cardiopathies
morbidity
near miss
title Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study
title_full Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study
title_fullStr Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study
title_short Severe Maternal Morbidity and near Miss-Events in Women with Heart Disease: Insights from a Cohort Study
title_sort severe maternal morbidity and near miss events in women with heart disease insights from a cohort study
topic high-risk pregnancy
cardiopathies
morbidity
near miss
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1524
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