Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment
Abstract Background Bear bile powder (BBP), a unique animal-derived medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, is used in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills (STDP), which is applied to treat cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The efficacy and compatibili...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Chinese Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01060-x |
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| author | Yu Luo Fangmin Zhang Lidan Zhu Jianfeng Ye Hong-ye Pan Xiaoyan Lu Xiaohui Fan |
| author_facet | Yu Luo Fangmin Zhang Lidan Zhu Jianfeng Ye Hong-ye Pan Xiaoyan Lu Xiaohui Fan |
| author_sort | Yu Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bear bile powder (BBP), a unique animal-derived medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, is used in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills (STDP), which is applied to treat cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The efficacy and compatibility mechanisms of action of BBP in STDP against cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility effects of BBP in STDP in rats with AMI. Methods We investigated the compatibility effects of BBP in STDP in rats with AMI. Non-targeted metabonomics, 16S rRNA analysis, RNA sequencing, and network pharmacology were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results The combination of BBP and CF (STDP without BBP) significantly reduced AMI-induced infarction size, pathological alterations of cardiac tissues, and serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels in rats, compared with CF or BBP treatment alone. Gut microbiota and metabonomics results revealed that the combination treatment could upregulate the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and downregulate that of Helicobacter, Bilophila, and Butyricimonas, thereby rebalancing the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by AMI. Consequently, the intestinal metabolite levels of oleoylcholine, glutamylalanine, isokobusone, and hemorphin-4 were altered. However, treatment with CF or BBP alone has a weaker effect on these bacteria. Additionally, the combination treatment induced a 62.34% gene reversion rate compared with 55.56% for BBP and 30.20% for CF treatment alone. Modulation of endothelin 1 and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 was identified as a key synergistic mechanism underlying the anti-AMI effects of BBP in STDP. Conclusion This research provides a scientific explanation of the compatibility of BBP in STDP. Our findings suggested that combination treatment with CF and BBP synergistically attenuates AMI by altering gene expression, gut microbiota, and intestinal metabolite profiles. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef3e1ab61e594377b6c5a7af8b72589e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1749-8546 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chinese Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef3e1ab61e594377b6c5a7af8b72589e2025-01-26T12:52:33ZengBMCChinese Medicine1749-85462025-01-0120112210.1186/s13020-025-01060-xEfficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatmentYu Luo0Fangmin Zhang1Lidan Zhu2Jianfeng Ye3Hong-ye Pan4Xiaoyan Lu5Xiaohui Fan6Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., LtdZhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., LtdPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Background Bear bile powder (BBP), a unique animal-derived medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, is used in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills (STDP), which is applied to treat cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The efficacy and compatibility mechanisms of action of BBP in STDP against cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility effects of BBP in STDP in rats with AMI. Methods We investigated the compatibility effects of BBP in STDP in rats with AMI. Non-targeted metabonomics, 16S rRNA analysis, RNA sequencing, and network pharmacology were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results The combination of BBP and CF (STDP without BBP) significantly reduced AMI-induced infarction size, pathological alterations of cardiac tissues, and serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels in rats, compared with CF or BBP treatment alone. Gut microbiota and metabonomics results revealed that the combination treatment could upregulate the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and downregulate that of Helicobacter, Bilophila, and Butyricimonas, thereby rebalancing the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by AMI. Consequently, the intestinal metabolite levels of oleoylcholine, glutamylalanine, isokobusone, and hemorphin-4 were altered. However, treatment with CF or BBP alone has a weaker effect on these bacteria. Additionally, the combination treatment induced a 62.34% gene reversion rate compared with 55.56% for BBP and 30.20% for CF treatment alone. Modulation of endothelin 1 and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 was identified as a key synergistic mechanism underlying the anti-AMI effects of BBP in STDP. Conclusion This research provides a scientific explanation of the compatibility of BBP in STDP. Our findings suggested that combination treatment with CF and BBP synergistically attenuates AMI by altering gene expression, gut microbiota, and intestinal metabolite profiles. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01060-xBear bile powderGut microbiotaShexiang Tongxin dropping pillsSynergistic compatibilityAcute myocardial infarctionCardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Yu Luo Fangmin Zhang Lidan Zhu Jianfeng Ye Hong-ye Pan Xiaoyan Lu Xiaohui Fan Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment Chinese Medicine Bear bile powder Gut microbiota Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills Synergistic compatibility Acute myocardial infarction Cardiovascular disease |
| title | Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment |
| title_full | Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment |
| title_short | Efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment |
| title_sort | efficacy and compatibility mechanism of bear bile powder in shexiang tongxin dropping pills for acute myocardial infarction treatment |
| topic | Bear bile powder Gut microbiota Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills Synergistic compatibility Acute myocardial infarction Cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01060-x |
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