Correlations between human alveolar macrophage particulate matter load, air pollution particulate matter levels, and systemic inflammation markers in Mexico City

Correlations between human alveolar macrophage particulate matter load, air pollution particulate matter levels, and systemic inflammation markers in Mexico City

Abstract This study explores potential associations among ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure, PM load in alveolar macrophage (AM), and biomarkers collected from 53 healthy, adult, nonsmoking residents of the Iztapalapa and Iztacalco municipalities in Mexico City. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations w...

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Main Authors: Yeongkwon Son, Claudia Carranza, Sanjana Subramhanya, Carol Gardner, Kathleen Black, Laura Jones, Qingyu Meng, Martha Torres, Alvaro Osornio Vargas, Junfeng Jim Zhang, Marie S. O Neill, Pamela Ohman Strickland, Stephan Schwander
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Particulate matter
Alveolar macrophage
Land use regression
Inflammation
Oxidative stress
Cardiovascular disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15878-w
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Summary:Abstract This study explores potential associations among ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure, PM load in alveolar macrophage (AM), and biomarkers collected from 53 healthy, adult, nonsmoking residents of the Iztapalapa and Iztacalco municipalities in Mexico City. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using an improved Land Use Regression (LUR) model to approximate PM exposure levels. The PM/carbon loading was quantified by the fraction of AM containing PM (%, %AMPM) and the PM area within the AM (µm2) from BAC cytospin microphotography using CellProfiler cell image analysis software. Concentrations of biomarkers were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), plasma, and urine. Most AM samples contained PM (median = 62.4%, interquartile range [IQR] = 50.0–73.0%). The median PM area in AM was 1.082 µm2 (IQR = 0.607–1.855 µm2). Participant with low %AMPM (< 33 percentile) showed 8% increase in %AMPM per 10 µg/m3 increments of six-month averaged, LUR-estimated PM2.5 concentrations. The %AMPM had a statistically significant, positive association with plasma von Willebrand Factor (vWF) (p = 0.016) and serum lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.026). These findings suggest that ambient urban PM exposure in Mexico City contributes to PM accumulation in AMs and may trigger systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy young residents.
ISSN:2045-2322

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