The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq

Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular me...

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Main Authors: Ping Hu, Sancai Xie, Baochen Shi, Cheryl S. Tansky, Benjamin Circello, Paul A. Sagel, Eva Schneiderman, Aaron R. Biesbrock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2668
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author Ping Hu
Sancai Xie
Baochen Shi
Cheryl S. Tansky
Benjamin Circello
Paul A. Sagel
Eva Schneiderman
Aaron R. Biesbrock
author_facet Ping Hu
Sancai Xie
Baochen Shi
Cheryl S. Tansky
Benjamin Circello
Paul A. Sagel
Eva Schneiderman
Aaron R. Biesbrock
author_sort Ping Hu
collection DOAJ
description Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Actinomyces viscosus</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) and four Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, and <i>Prevotella pallens</i>), were analyzed. The bacteria were exposed to nine common ingredients in toothpaste and mouthwash at different concentrations (stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, arginine bicarbonate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium nitrate, zinc phosphate, and hydrogen peroxide). Across 78 ingredient–microorganism pairs with 360 treatment–control combinations, significant and reproducible ingredient-based transcriptional response profiles were observed, providing valuable insights into the effects of these ingredients on the oral microbiome at the molecular level. This research shows that oral care product ingredients applied at biologically relevant concentrations manifest differential effects on the transcriptomics of bacterial genes in a variety of oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride showed the most robust efficacy in inhibiting the growth or gene expression of various bacteria and pathogenic pathways. Combining multiple ingredients targeting different mechanisms might be more efficient than single ingredients in complex oral microbiomes.
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spelling doaj-art-ef2f801d6ef54f6bb046ac4893e30ed02025-08-20T02:01:06ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011212266810.3390/microorganisms12122668The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-SeqPing Hu0Sancai Xie1Baochen Shi2Cheryl S. Tansky3Benjamin Circello4Paul A. Sagel5Eva Schneiderman6Aaron R. Biesbrock7Discovery & Innovation Platforms, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USADiscovery & Innovation Platforms, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USADiscovery & Innovation Platforms, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USABaby Care Clinical Group, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USADiscovery & Innovation Platforms, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USAOral Care Product Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USAOral Care Product Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USAOral Care Product Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USAVarious ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Actinomyces viscosus</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) and four Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, and <i>Prevotella pallens</i>), were analyzed. The bacteria were exposed to nine common ingredients in toothpaste and mouthwash at different concentrations (stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, arginine bicarbonate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium nitrate, zinc phosphate, and hydrogen peroxide). Across 78 ingredient–microorganism pairs with 360 treatment–control combinations, significant and reproducible ingredient-based transcriptional response profiles were observed, providing valuable insights into the effects of these ingredients on the oral microbiome at the molecular level. This research shows that oral care product ingredients applied at biologically relevant concentrations manifest differential effects on the transcriptomics of bacterial genes in a variety of oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria. Stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride showed the most robust efficacy in inhibiting the growth or gene expression of various bacteria and pathogenic pathways. Combining multiple ingredients targeting different mechanisms might be more efficient than single ingredients in complex oral microbiomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2668oral caretranscriptomicspathogenbacteriaRNA-Seqstannous fluoride
spellingShingle Ping Hu
Sancai Xie
Baochen Shi
Cheryl S. Tansky
Benjamin Circello
Paul A. Sagel
Eva Schneiderman
Aaron R. Biesbrock
The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
Microorganisms
oral care
transcriptomics
pathogen
bacteria
RNA-Seq
stannous fluoride
title The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
title_full The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
title_fullStr The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
title_short The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq
title_sort effect of oral care product ingredients on oral pathogenic bacteria transcriptomics through rna seq
topic oral care
transcriptomics
pathogen
bacteria
RNA-Seq
stannous fluoride
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2668
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