Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.

Contrary to popular lore, optimal visual acuity is typically better than 20/20. Could correcting acuity beyond 20/20 offer any benefit? An affirmative answer could present new confounds in studies of aging, development, psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disorders, or any other population where...

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Main Authors: Brian P Keane, Steven M Silverstein, Thomas V Papathomas, Bart Krekelberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310678
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author Brian P Keane
Steven M Silverstein
Thomas V Papathomas
Bart Krekelberg
author_facet Brian P Keane
Steven M Silverstein
Thomas V Papathomas
Bart Krekelberg
author_sort Brian P Keane
collection DOAJ
description Contrary to popular lore, optimal visual acuity is typically better than 20/20. Could correcting acuity beyond 20/20 offer any benefit? An affirmative answer could present new confounds in studies of aging, development, psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disorders, or any other population where refractive error might be more likely. An affirmative answer would also offer a novel explanation of inter-observer variability in visual performance. To address the question, we had individuals perform two well-studied visual tasks, once with 20/20 vision and once with optical correction, so that observers could see one line better on an eye chart. In the contour integration task, observers sought to identify the screen quadrant location of a sparsely defined (integrated) shape embedded in varying quantities of randomly oriented "noise" elements. In the collinear facilitation task, observers sought to detect a low-contrast element flanked by collinear or orthogonal high-contrast elements. In each case, displays were scaled in size to modulate element visibility and spatial frequency (4-12 cycles/deg). We found that improving acuity beyond 20/20 improved contour integration for the high spatial frequency displays. Although improving visual acuity did not affect collinear facilitation, it did improve detection of the central low-contrast target, especially at high spatial frequencies. These results, which were large in magnitude, suggest that optically correcting beyond 20/20 improves the detection and integration of contour elements, especially those that are smaller and of higher spatial frequency. Refractive blur within the normal range may confound special population studies, explain inter-observer differences, and meaningfully impact performance in low-visibility environments.
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spelling doaj-art-ef2f5f8997e34796b6b9be3c68a6d25a2025-08-20T03:30:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01199e031067810.1371/journal.pone.0310678Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.Brian P KeaneSteven M SilversteinThomas V PapathomasBart KrekelbergContrary to popular lore, optimal visual acuity is typically better than 20/20. Could correcting acuity beyond 20/20 offer any benefit? An affirmative answer could present new confounds in studies of aging, development, psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disorders, or any other population where refractive error might be more likely. An affirmative answer would also offer a novel explanation of inter-observer variability in visual performance. To address the question, we had individuals perform two well-studied visual tasks, once with 20/20 vision and once with optical correction, so that observers could see one line better on an eye chart. In the contour integration task, observers sought to identify the screen quadrant location of a sparsely defined (integrated) shape embedded in varying quantities of randomly oriented "noise" elements. In the collinear facilitation task, observers sought to detect a low-contrast element flanked by collinear or orthogonal high-contrast elements. In each case, displays were scaled in size to modulate element visibility and spatial frequency (4-12 cycles/deg). We found that improving acuity beyond 20/20 improved contour integration for the high spatial frequency displays. Although improving visual acuity did not affect collinear facilitation, it did improve detection of the central low-contrast target, especially at high spatial frequencies. These results, which were large in magnitude, suggest that optically correcting beyond 20/20 improves the detection and integration of contour elements, especially those that are smaller and of higher spatial frequency. Refractive blur within the normal range may confound special population studies, explain inter-observer differences, and meaningfully impact performance in low-visibility environments.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310678
spellingShingle Brian P Keane
Steven M Silverstein
Thomas V Papathomas
Bart Krekelberg
Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.
PLoS ONE
title Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.
title_full Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.
title_fullStr Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.
title_full_unstemmed Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.
title_short Correcting visual acuity beyond 20/20 improves contour element detection and integration: A cautionary tale for studies of special populations.
title_sort correcting visual acuity beyond 20 20 improves contour element detection and integration a cautionary tale for studies of special populations
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310678
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