Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee

This study analyzes electric vehicle (EV) charging patterns and station utilization in Tennessee using machine learning (ML) techniques. While previous research has examined time series usage data, few studies have incorporated point of interest (POI) information or explored the relationship between...

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Main Authors: Seyedmehdi Khaleghian, Thanh-Nam Doan, Joe Knox, Austin Harris, Mina Sartipi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10935329/
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author Seyedmehdi Khaleghian
Thanh-Nam Doan
Joe Knox
Austin Harris
Mina Sartipi
author_facet Seyedmehdi Khaleghian
Thanh-Nam Doan
Joe Knox
Austin Harris
Mina Sartipi
author_sort Seyedmehdi Khaleghian
collection DOAJ
description This study analyzes electric vehicle (EV) charging patterns and station utilization in Tennessee using machine learning (ML) techniques. While previous research has examined time series usage data, few studies have incorporated point of interest (POI) information or explored the relationship between various features and charging station (CS) utilization, particularly in the context of U.S. public charging infrastructure. Moreover, existing studies have often relied on limited feature sets and achieved relatively low coefficients of determination (R-squared). To address these gaps, we utilize a dataset consisting of 49,900 charging session records of Level 2 (L2) and direct current fast charging (DCFC) stations across Tennessee from 2018 to June 2024. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first study which extensively analyzes utilization under various features, especially POI info. By employing a range of supervised ML models, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RF), we predict daily charging station utilization with significantly improved accuracy. Our models achieve a 74% improvement in R-squared values for L2 stations and a 72% improvement for DCFC stations compared to the state-of-the-art research baseline. These results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the models used in previous studies.
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spelling doaj-art-ef260950c1d049d78f48c3ffcb7ec50e2025-08-20T02:10:34ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113514585148310.1109/ACCESS.2025.355308610935329Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in TennesseeSeyedmehdi Khaleghian0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-3352Thanh-Nam Doan1Joe Knox2Austin Harris3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5449-7174Mina Sartipi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-5046Center for Urban Informatics and Progress (CUIP), The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USACenter for Urban Informatics and Progress (CUIP), The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USASeven States Power Corporation, Chattanooga, TN, USACenter for Urban Informatics and Progress (CUIP), The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USACenter for Urban Informatics and Progress (CUIP), The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USAThis study analyzes electric vehicle (EV) charging patterns and station utilization in Tennessee using machine learning (ML) techniques. While previous research has examined time series usage data, few studies have incorporated point of interest (POI) information or explored the relationship between various features and charging station (CS) utilization, particularly in the context of U.S. public charging infrastructure. Moreover, existing studies have often relied on limited feature sets and achieved relatively low coefficients of determination (R-squared). To address these gaps, we utilize a dataset consisting of 49,900 charging session records of Level 2 (L2) and direct current fast charging (DCFC) stations across Tennessee from 2018 to June 2024. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first study which extensively analyzes utilization under various features, especially POI info. By employing a range of supervised ML models, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RF), we predict daily charging station utilization with significantly improved accuracy. Our models achieve a 74% improvement in R-squared values for L2 stations and a 72% improvement for DCFC stations compared to the state-of-the-art research baseline. These results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the models used in previous studies.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10935329/Charging stationelectric vehiclemachine learningstation utilizationdata-driven forecast
spellingShingle Seyedmehdi Khaleghian
Thanh-Nam Doan
Joe Knox
Austin Harris
Mina Sartipi
Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee
IEEE Access
Charging station
electric vehicle
machine learning
station utilization
data-driven forecast
title Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee
title_full Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee
title_fullStr Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee
title_full_unstemmed Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee
title_short Data-Driven Insights Into EV Charging Patterns: Machine Learning Models Reveal Key Predictors of Station Utilization in Tennessee
title_sort data driven insights into ev charging patterns machine learning models reveal key predictors of station utilization in tennessee
topic Charging station
electric vehicle
machine learning
station utilization
data-driven forecast
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10935329/
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