Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway
Congestion on port motorways often leads to reduced capacity and traffic efficiency, while the growing prevalence of connected vehicles (CVs) offers new opportunities for improving traffic control. This paper proposes a hierarchical control method integrating ramp metering (RM) and variable speed li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/446 |
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| _version_ | 1849433874178768896 |
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| author | Weiqi Yue Hang Yang Meng Li Yibing Wang Yusheng Zhou Pengjun Zheng |
| author_facet | Weiqi Yue Hang Yang Meng Li Yibing Wang Yusheng Zhou Pengjun Zheng |
| author_sort | Weiqi Yue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Congestion on port motorways often leads to reduced capacity and traffic efficiency, while the growing prevalence of connected vehicles (CVs) offers new opportunities for improving traffic control. This paper proposes a hierarchical control method integrating ramp metering (RM) and variable speed limits (VSLs) explicitly designed for port motorway environments dominated by CVs. The method uses real-time CV data to reduce congestion through a hierarchical control framework in which the upper-level optimization determines system-wide parameters, and the lower-level execution translates them into local control commands. A microscopic simulation using SUMO in the Guoju area of the Chuanshan Port Motorway demonstrated that the proposed method increases traffic capacity by approximately 16% compared to the no-control scenario and improves traffic efficiency by 4.8% and 4.5% compared to PI-ALINEA and MTFC-FB, respectively. Further experiments in varying CV penetration rates (MPRs) from 60% to 100% revealed that while lower MPRs result in higher traffic fluctuations, the method remains effective and robust, particularly when MPRs exceed 80%. This highlights its ability to mitigate congestion and enhance the utilization of the existing infrastructure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef1832859c0648f7be3f2f509e3f11bb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-8954 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef1832859c0648f7be3f2f509e3f11bb2025-08-20T03:26:52ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542025-06-0113644610.3390/systems13060446Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port MotorwayWeiqi Yue0Hang Yang1Meng Li2Yibing Wang3Yusheng Zhou4Pengjun Zheng5Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, ChinaFaculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, ChinaFaculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, ChinaInstitute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong 999077, ChinaFaculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, ChinaCongestion on port motorways often leads to reduced capacity and traffic efficiency, while the growing prevalence of connected vehicles (CVs) offers new opportunities for improving traffic control. This paper proposes a hierarchical control method integrating ramp metering (RM) and variable speed limits (VSLs) explicitly designed for port motorway environments dominated by CVs. The method uses real-time CV data to reduce congestion through a hierarchical control framework in which the upper-level optimization determines system-wide parameters, and the lower-level execution translates them into local control commands. A microscopic simulation using SUMO in the Guoju area of the Chuanshan Port Motorway demonstrated that the proposed method increases traffic capacity by approximately 16% compared to the no-control scenario and improves traffic efficiency by 4.8% and 4.5% compared to PI-ALINEA and MTFC-FB, respectively. Further experiments in varying CV penetration rates (MPRs) from 60% to 100% revealed that while lower MPRs result in higher traffic fluctuations, the method remains effective and robust, particularly when MPRs exceed 80%. This highlights its ability to mitigate congestion and enhance the utilization of the existing infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/446hierarchical controlramp meteringvariable speed limit controlport motorwaysconnected vehicles |
| spellingShingle | Weiqi Yue Hang Yang Meng Li Yibing Wang Yusheng Zhou Pengjun Zheng Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway Systems hierarchical control ramp metering variable speed limit control port motorways connected vehicles |
| title | Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway |
| title_full | Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway |
| title_fullStr | Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway |
| title_short | Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway |
| title_sort | hierarchical control based on ramp metering and variable speed limit for port motorway |
| topic | hierarchical control ramp metering variable speed limit control port motorways connected vehicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/446 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weiqiyue hierarchicalcontrolbasedonrampmeteringandvariablespeedlimitforportmotorway AT hangyang hierarchicalcontrolbasedonrampmeteringandvariablespeedlimitforportmotorway AT mengli hierarchicalcontrolbasedonrampmeteringandvariablespeedlimitforportmotorway AT yibingwang hierarchicalcontrolbasedonrampmeteringandvariablespeedlimitforportmotorway AT yushengzhou hierarchicalcontrolbasedonrampmeteringandvariablespeedlimitforportmotorway AT pengjunzheng hierarchicalcontrolbasedonrampmeteringandvariablespeedlimitforportmotorway |