Thermal and Exergetic Performance Analyses of a Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger Using CMC/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Non-Newtonian Nanofluids

Thermal and Exergetic Performance Analyses of a Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger Using CMC/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-Based Non-Newtonian Nanofluids

This study presents an experimental evaluation of the thermal and exergetic performance of an air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger using a cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)-based non-Newtonian nanofluid, with the additional incorporation of carbon black (CB). Nanoflui...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Duygu Yilmaz Aydin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanofluid
carbon black
waste heat recovery
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7831
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Summary:This study presents an experimental evaluation of the thermal and exergetic performance of an air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger using a cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)-based non-Newtonian nanofluid, with the additional incorporation of carbon black (CB). Nanofluids were synthesized via a two-step method and tested under turbulent flow conditions across varying Reynolds numbers. The results demonstrated that increasing the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticle concentration and adding CB substantially improved both the thermal and exergetic performance compared to deionized water. Specifically, maximum thermal efficiency improvements of 62.7% and 75.4% were recorded for nanofluids containing 1% and 2% Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, respectively. The addition of CB further enhanced the thermal efficiency, achieving a maximum improvement of 79.2%. Furthermore, the maximum reduction in thermal resistance reached 61.4% with CB incorporation, while the 2% Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanofluid achieved a maximum decrease of 50.2%. The use of nanofluids led to a significant reduction in exergy loss, with exergy-saving efficiencies reaching up to 33.6%. These findings highlight the considerable potential of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>- and CB-based hybrid nanofluids in advancing waste heat recovery technologies and enhancing the thermodynamic performance of air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger systems.
ISSN:2076-3417

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