Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012)
Little is known about the incidence and dynamics of occult bacteremia (OB) among infants/young children following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into the national immunization program in Israel in 2009–2010. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiologic and...
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Elsevier
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Pediatrics and Neonatology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957215001813 |
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| author | Haya Ribitzky-Eisner Yitamar Minuhin David Greenberg Ninel Greenberg Gabriel Chodick Mihai Craiu Eugene Leibovitz |
| author_facet | Haya Ribitzky-Eisner Yitamar Minuhin David Greenberg Ninel Greenberg Gabriel Chodick Mihai Craiu Eugene Leibovitz |
| author_sort | Haya Ribitzky-Eisner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Little is known about the incidence and dynamics of occult bacteremia (OB) among infants/young children following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into the national immunization program in Israel in 2009–2010. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiologic and microbiologic picture of OB among febrile infants/children aged 3–36 months in southern Israel, before and after PCVs introduction.
Methods: Retrospective study enrolling all infants/young children attending the emergency room of a tertiary medical center in southern Israel with fever without source, discharged, and reported with a positive blood culture.
Results: Of 453 true bacteremias, 89 (19.6%) were defined as OB. OB rate was 0.22%; a significant decrease was recorded in OB rates, with the highest rate during 2005 (0.34%) and the lowest during 2011 (0.15%). OB cases decreased in post-PCV (2010–2012) versus prevaccination period (2005–2009) from 66/22,256 cases (0.3%) to 23/13,213 cases (0.17%; p = 0.03). Most frequent single OB pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans spp., and Kingella kingae (39.3%, 10.1%, and 9.0%, respectively); Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated in 10 cases (11.2%). No changes were recorded in S. pneumoniae-OB cases; K. kingae-OB decreased significantly (p = 0.047). None of the S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated during 2011–2012 belonged to 13-valent PCV (PCV13). An increase in non PCV13 serotypes was recorded during 2011–2012 (3/3, 100% vs. 7/32, 21.9%, p = 0.01).
Conclusion: OB rates decreased significantly following the introduction of PCVs. S. pneumoniae was the most frequent isolated pathogen in OB, but in lower percentages compared with the medical literature. No PCV13 serotypes were detected as a cause of OB during 2011–2012. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef04944186be4c089b8eccb36d50900e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1875-9572 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Pediatrics and Neonatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef04944186be4c089b8eccb36d50900e2025-08-20T02:10:41ZengElsevierPediatrics and Neonatology1875-95722016-10-0157537838410.1016/j.pedneo.2015.10.004Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012)Haya Ribitzky-Eisner0Yitamar Minuhin1David Greenberg2Ninel Greenberg3Gabriel Chodick4Mihai Craiu5Eugene Leibovitz6Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, IsraelPediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, IsraelPediatric Infectious Disease Unit 2, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, IsraelPediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Alfred Rusescu Children's Hospital, Carol Davila Medical School, Bucharest, RomaniaSackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelPediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Alfred Rusescu Children's Hospital, Carol Davila Medical School, Bucharest, RomaniaPediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, IsraelLittle is known about the incidence and dynamics of occult bacteremia (OB) among infants/young children following the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into the national immunization program in Israel in 2009–2010. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiologic and microbiologic picture of OB among febrile infants/children aged 3–36 months in southern Israel, before and after PCVs introduction. Methods: Retrospective study enrolling all infants/young children attending the emergency room of a tertiary medical center in southern Israel with fever without source, discharged, and reported with a positive blood culture. Results: Of 453 true bacteremias, 89 (19.6%) were defined as OB. OB rate was 0.22%; a significant decrease was recorded in OB rates, with the highest rate during 2005 (0.34%) and the lowest during 2011 (0.15%). OB cases decreased in post-PCV (2010–2012) versus prevaccination period (2005–2009) from 66/22,256 cases (0.3%) to 23/13,213 cases (0.17%; p = 0.03). Most frequent single OB pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans spp., and Kingella kingae (39.3%, 10.1%, and 9.0%, respectively); Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated in 10 cases (11.2%). No changes were recorded in S. pneumoniae-OB cases; K. kingae-OB decreased significantly (p = 0.047). None of the S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated during 2011–2012 belonged to 13-valent PCV (PCV13). An increase in non PCV13 serotypes was recorded during 2011–2012 (3/3, 100% vs. 7/32, 21.9%, p = 0.01). Conclusion: OB rates decreased significantly following the introduction of PCVs. S. pneumoniae was the most frequent isolated pathogen in OB, but in lower percentages compared with the medical literature. No PCV13 serotypes were detected as a cause of OB during 2011–2012.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957215001813childrenKingella kingaeoccult bacteremiaserotypesStreptococcus pneumoniaevaccine |
| spellingShingle | Haya Ribitzky-Eisner Yitamar Minuhin David Greenberg Ninel Greenberg Gabriel Chodick Mihai Craiu Eugene Leibovitz Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012) Pediatrics and Neonatology children Kingella kingae occult bacteremia serotypes Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine |
| title | Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012) |
| title_full | Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012) |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012) |
| title_short | Epidemiologic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Occult Bacteremia Among Febrile Children in Southern Israel, Before and After Initiation of the Routine Antipneumococcal Immunization (2005–2012) |
| title_sort | epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of occult bacteremia among febrile children in southern israel before and after initiation of the routine antipneumococcal immunization 2005 2012 |
| topic | children Kingella kingae occult bacteremia serotypes Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957215001813 |
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