Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid
Abstract Guanidine benzothiazole (G) and 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine (AG) were successfully synthesized and characterized by infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both compounds act as novel corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12838-2 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849763453014638592 |
|---|---|
| author | Amal M. Abdel-karim Rasha A. Azzam Omnia El-Said Shehata Mohamed A. adly Omnia A. A. El-Shamy Gamal A. El mahdy |
| author_facet | Amal M. Abdel-karim Rasha A. Azzam Omnia El-Said Shehata Mohamed A. adly Omnia A. A. El-Shamy Gamal A. El mahdy |
| author_sort | Amal M. Abdel-karim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Guanidine benzothiazole (G) and 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine (AG) were successfully synthesized and characterized by infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both compounds act as novel corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution. Their inhibition efficiency was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Surface analysis via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the formation of a protective film on the steel surface. PDP results indicate that G and AG function as mixed-type inhibitors, with inhibition efficiency increasing with concentrations, reaching a maximum of 80% for G and 91.4% AG. The AG compound was seen to retard the rate of corrosion of carbon steel more effective than PP compound. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption on the metal surface. The high inhibition efficiencies were attributed to strong adsorption and the formation of a dense, protective barrier film. The corrosion inhibition performance of the synthesized molecule was evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). Quantum chemical parameters, including highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap, hardness, and dipole moment, and other quantum descriptors were analyzed. Density functional theory (DTF) calculation supported the experimental finding, showing that the high efficiency correlates with a low energy gap and high dipole moment, which promote electron transfer and adsorption strength. Theoretical and experimental results showed strong agreement, confirming the potential of G and AG as effective inhibitors for carbon steel. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ef02b2ca663b475fab10bbcf9a039614 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ef02b2ca663b475fab10bbcf9a0396142025-08-20T03:05:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-12838-2Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acidAmal M. Abdel-karim0Rasha A. Azzam1Omnia El-Said Shehata2Mohamed A. adly3Omnia A. A. El-Shamy4Gamal A. El mahdy5Physical Chemistry Department, National Research CentreCemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityPhysical Chemistry Department, National Research CentreCemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University3Department of Analysis and Evaluation, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI)Cemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityAbstract Guanidine benzothiazole (G) and 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine (AG) were successfully synthesized and characterized by infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both compounds act as novel corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution. Their inhibition efficiency was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Surface analysis via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the formation of a protective film on the steel surface. PDP results indicate that G and AG function as mixed-type inhibitors, with inhibition efficiency increasing with concentrations, reaching a maximum of 80% for G and 91.4% AG. The AG compound was seen to retard the rate of corrosion of carbon steel more effective than PP compound. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption on the metal surface. The high inhibition efficiencies were attributed to strong adsorption and the formation of a dense, protective barrier film. The corrosion inhibition performance of the synthesized molecule was evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). Quantum chemical parameters, including highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap, hardness, and dipole moment, and other quantum descriptors were analyzed. Density functional theory (DTF) calculation supported the experimental finding, showing that the high efficiency correlates with a low energy gap and high dipole moment, which promote electron transfer and adsorption strength. Theoretical and experimental results showed strong agreement, confirming the potential of G and AG as effective inhibitors for carbon steel.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12838-2Carbon steelGuanidine benzothiazoleCorrosion inhibitorPDPEISAdsorption |
| spellingShingle | Amal M. Abdel-karim Rasha A. Azzam Omnia El-Said Shehata Mohamed A. adly Omnia A. A. El-Shamy Gamal A. El mahdy Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid Scientific Reports Carbon steel Guanidine benzothiazole Corrosion inhibitor PDP EIS Adsorption |
| title | Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid |
| title_full | Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid |
| title_short | Electrochemical performance of a novel 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid |
| title_sort | electrochemical performance of a novel 1 benzo d thiazol 2 yl 3 methylguanidine as effective corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 m hydrochloric acid |
| topic | Carbon steel Guanidine benzothiazole Corrosion inhibitor PDP EIS Adsorption |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12838-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amalmabdelkarim electrochemicalperformanceofanovel1benzodthiazol2yl3methylguanidineaseffectivecorrosioninhibitorforcarbonsteelin1mhydrochloricacid AT rashaaazzam electrochemicalperformanceofanovel1benzodthiazol2yl3methylguanidineaseffectivecorrosioninhibitorforcarbonsteelin1mhydrochloricacid AT omniaelsaidshehata electrochemicalperformanceofanovel1benzodthiazol2yl3methylguanidineaseffectivecorrosioninhibitorforcarbonsteelin1mhydrochloricacid AT mohamedaadly electrochemicalperformanceofanovel1benzodthiazol2yl3methylguanidineaseffectivecorrosioninhibitorforcarbonsteelin1mhydrochloricacid AT omniaaaelshamy electrochemicalperformanceofanovel1benzodthiazol2yl3methylguanidineaseffectivecorrosioninhibitorforcarbonsteelin1mhydrochloricacid AT gamalaelmahdy electrochemicalperformanceofanovel1benzodthiazol2yl3methylguanidineaseffectivecorrosioninhibitorforcarbonsteelin1mhydrochloricacid |