Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)

This study presents a novel Basalt-based grafted graphitic carbon nitride composite (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) for the efficient pretreatment of Cr(VI) in ethylene wastewater. The composite was synthesized by the acid purification of natural Basalt, surface mo...

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Main Authors: Zheng Wang, Mingchang Jia, Yi Ren, Hongmin Ren, Shuhao Liang, Jiaru Sun, Siqi Hao, Jinchuan Li, He Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2477
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author Zheng Wang
Mingchang Jia
Yi Ren
Hongmin Ren
Shuhao Liang
Jiaru Sun
Siqi Hao
Jinchuan Li
He Li
author_facet Zheng Wang
Mingchang Jia
Yi Ren
Hongmin Ren
Shuhao Liang
Jiaru Sun
Siqi Hao
Jinchuan Li
He Li
author_sort Zheng Wang
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a novel Basalt-based grafted graphitic carbon nitride composite (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) for the efficient pretreatment of Cr(VI) in ethylene wastewater. The composite was synthesized by the acid purification of natural Basalt, surface modification with hydroxymethyl triethoxysilane (MTES), and the subsequent grafting of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Characterization confirmed the uniform distribution of nano-sized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> particles on a Basalt surface with intact chemical bonding, where 82.63% of melamine participated in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> crystallization. The material exhibited a high specific surface area (403.55 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and mesoporous structure (34.29 nm). Acidic conditions promoted the protonation of amino groups in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, significantly enhancing Cr(VI) adsorption via ion exchange. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm data fitted the Langmuir monolayer adsorption mechanism. The composite achieved 97% Cr(VI) recovery through chromatographic extraction and retained 96.87% removal efficiency after five regeneration cycles. This work demonstrates a cost-effective, recyclable green pretreatment material for high-sensitivity Cr(VI) monitoring in ethylene industry wastewater, offering dual benefits in environmental remediation and regulatory compliance. The design synergizes natural Basalt’s stability with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>’s adsorption affinity, showing practical potential for sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.
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spelling doaj-art-eeff5be3a2ec4a708d3f5106935732382025-08-20T02:32:56ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013011247710.3390/molecules30112477Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)Zheng Wang0Mingchang Jia1Yi Ren2Hongmin Ren3Shuhao Liang4Jiaru Sun5Siqi Hao6Jinchuan Li7He Li8Department of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Petroleum University of Technology, Chengde 067000, ChinaThis study presents a novel Basalt-based grafted graphitic carbon nitride composite (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) for the efficient pretreatment of Cr(VI) in ethylene wastewater. The composite was synthesized by the acid purification of natural Basalt, surface modification with hydroxymethyl triethoxysilane (MTES), and the subsequent grafting of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Characterization confirmed the uniform distribution of nano-sized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> particles on a Basalt surface with intact chemical bonding, where 82.63% of melamine participated in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> crystallization. The material exhibited a high specific surface area (403.55 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and mesoporous structure (34.29 nm). Acidic conditions promoted the protonation of amino groups in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, significantly enhancing Cr(VI) adsorption via ion exchange. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while isotherm data fitted the Langmuir monolayer adsorption mechanism. The composite achieved 97% Cr(VI) recovery through chromatographic extraction and retained 96.87% removal efficiency after five regeneration cycles. This work demonstrates a cost-effective, recyclable green pretreatment material for high-sensitivity Cr(VI) monitoring in ethylene industry wastewater, offering dual benefits in environmental remediation and regulatory compliance. The design synergizes natural Basalt’s stability with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>’s adsorption affinity, showing practical potential for sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2477basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>Cr(VI)ethylene wastewateranalytical pretreatmention exchange
spellingShingle Zheng Wang
Mingchang Jia
Yi Ren
Hongmin Ren
Shuhao Liang
Jiaru Sun
Siqi Hao
Jinchuan Li
He Li
Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)
Molecules
basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
Cr(VI)
ethylene wastewater
analytical pretreatment
ion exchange
title Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)
title_full Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)
title_fullStr Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)
title_full_unstemmed Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)
title_short Efficient Analytical Pretreatment of Cr(VI) in Ethylene Wastewater by Grafting g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Material Based on Coupling Agent-Modified Basalt Matrix (Basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)
title_sort efficient analytical pretreatment of cr vi in ethylene wastewater by grafting g c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub material based on coupling agent modified basalt matrix basalt mtes g c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub
topic basalt–MTES/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
Cr(VI)
ethylene wastewater
analytical pretreatment
ion exchange
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2477
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