Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland
IntroductionToxigenic strains of Clostridioides difficile are the leading cause of healthcare-associated bacterial infections in Poland. In the Silesian Voivodeship, with 4.5 million inhabitants, the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in 2023 reached 65.1/100,000, slightly down from 70.0/100,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1644051/full |
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| author | Klaudia Szarek Natalia Frankowska Natalia Frankowska Monika Kabała Wiep Klaas Smits Dorota Wultańska Piotr Lalowski Hanna Pituch Adam Iwanicki Krzysztof Hinc Céline Harmanus Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders Robert Wojtyczka Tomasz J. Wąsik |
| author_facet | Klaudia Szarek Natalia Frankowska Natalia Frankowska Monika Kabała Wiep Klaas Smits Dorota Wultańska Piotr Lalowski Hanna Pituch Adam Iwanicki Krzysztof Hinc Céline Harmanus Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders Robert Wojtyczka Tomasz J. Wąsik |
| author_sort | Klaudia Szarek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionToxigenic strains of Clostridioides difficile are the leading cause of healthcare-associated bacterial infections in Poland. In the Silesian Voivodeship, with 4.5 million inhabitants, the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in 2023 reached 65.1/100,000, slightly down from 70.0/100,000 in 2022. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic C. difficile ribotypes in hospitalized patients in Silesia.Materials and methodsA total of 130 stool samples from patients with confirmed antibiotic-associated diarrhea were tested. Multiplex PCR detected genes for GDH, toxins A/B, binary toxin CDT, and 16S rDNA. Ribotyping was performed by capillary PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested with ETEST for 10 antibiotics.ResultsMultiplex PCR confirmed the presence of all toxins (A+B+CDT+) in 97 isolates. Six strains (6%) represented ribotype 955 (RT955), first reported in Poland in 2023. RT027 remained dominant (60%, n = 78). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, while 4% (5/130) showed metronidazole resistance.ConclusionRT027 remains prevalent among CDI cases in Silesia. The emergence of RT955, closely related to a UK epidemic strain, suggests a possible shared origin and epidemiological link. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eef796bde60f4f199e984772605bdf81 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-eef796bde60f4f199e984772605bdf812025-08-20T04:02:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-08-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16440511644051Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, PolandKlaudia Szarek0Natalia Frankowska1Natalia Frankowska2Monika Kabała3Wiep Klaas Smits4Dorota Wultańska5Piotr Lalowski6Hanna Pituch7Adam Iwanicki8Krzysztof Hinc9Céline Harmanus10Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders11Robert Wojtyczka12Tomasz J. Wąsik13Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, PolandDivision of Molecular Bacteriology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandIntercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, PolandLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases and Dutch National Expertise Center for Clostridioides difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDivision of Molecular Bacteriology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDivision of Molecular Bacteriology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases and Dutch National Expertise Center for Clostridioides difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases and Dutch National Expertise Center for Clostridioides difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, PolandDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, PolandIntroductionToxigenic strains of Clostridioides difficile are the leading cause of healthcare-associated bacterial infections in Poland. In the Silesian Voivodeship, with 4.5 million inhabitants, the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in 2023 reached 65.1/100,000, slightly down from 70.0/100,000 in 2022. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic C. difficile ribotypes in hospitalized patients in Silesia.Materials and methodsA total of 130 stool samples from patients with confirmed antibiotic-associated diarrhea were tested. Multiplex PCR detected genes for GDH, toxins A/B, binary toxin CDT, and 16S rDNA. Ribotyping was performed by capillary PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested with ETEST for 10 antibiotics.ResultsMultiplex PCR confirmed the presence of all toxins (A+B+CDT+) in 97 isolates. Six strains (6%) represented ribotype 955 (RT955), first reported in Poland in 2023. RT027 remained dominant (60%, n = 78). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, while 4% (5/130) showed metronidazole resistance.ConclusionRT027 remains prevalent among CDI cases in Silesia. The emergence of RT955, closely related to a UK epidemic strain, suggests a possible shared origin and epidemiological link.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1644051/fullClostridioides difficiletoxigenic strainsribotypesClostridioides difficile infectionhospital-acquired infectionhealth care-associated CDI |
| spellingShingle | Klaudia Szarek Natalia Frankowska Natalia Frankowska Monika Kabała Wiep Klaas Smits Dorota Wultańska Piotr Lalowski Hanna Pituch Adam Iwanicki Krzysztof Hinc Céline Harmanus Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders Robert Wojtyczka Tomasz J. Wąsik Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland Frontiers in Microbiology Clostridioides difficile toxigenic strains ribotypes Clostridioides difficile infection hospital-acquired infection health care-associated CDI |
| title | Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland |
| title_full | Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland |
| title_fullStr | Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland |
| title_short | Dominance of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging PCR ribotype 955 in hospitals in Silesia, Poland |
| title_sort | dominance of toxigenic clostridioides difficile strains and the appearance of the emerging pcr ribotype 955 in hospitals in silesia poland |
| topic | Clostridioides difficile toxigenic strains ribotypes Clostridioides difficile infection hospital-acquired infection health care-associated CDI |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1644051/full |
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