Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) with renal insufficiency is a significant global health issue. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for in-hospital mortality to enable early risk identification in these patients. Methods: We analyzed data from 11,830 CHD patients with...

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Main Authors: Yahui Li, Hongsen Cai, Wei Zheng, Meijie Wang, Man Huang, Luyun Wang, Daowen Wang, Chunxia Zhao, Wenguang Hou, Hu Ding, Yan Wang, Hongling Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525001011
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author Yahui Li
Hongsen Cai
Wei Zheng
Meijie Wang
Man Huang
Luyun Wang
Daowen Wang
Chunxia Zhao
Wenguang Hou
Hu Ding
Yan Wang
Hongling Zhu
author_facet Yahui Li
Hongsen Cai
Wei Zheng
Meijie Wang
Man Huang
Luyun Wang
Daowen Wang
Chunxia Zhao
Wenguang Hou
Hu Ding
Yan Wang
Hongling Zhu
author_sort Yahui Li
collection DOAJ
description Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) with renal insufficiency is a significant global health issue. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for in-hospital mortality to enable early risk identification in these patients. Methods: We analyzed data from 11,830 CHD patients with renal insufficiency treated at Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (1994–2023). Among 113 clinical variables, five key features—age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea—were selected using Recursive Feature Elimination. Six machine learning models (Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision Tree, Neural Network, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine) were developed and assessed for discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Temporal validation was performed using data from May 16, 2023 to October 31, 2024. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used for model interpretation. Results: Of the 11,830 patients, 694 (5.9 %) died during hospitalization. Among the six models, XGBoost showed the best overall performance in the test set, achieving the highest AUC (0.926), lowest Brier score (0.034), highest accuracy (0.957), and balanced sensitivity (0.381) and F1 score (0.512). Decision curve analysis confirmed its superior clinical utility. In a temporally independent validation cohort of 5983 patients, XGBoost maintained strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.901), demonstrating excellent robustness and generalizability. Conclusions: The XGBoost-based model accurately predicts in-hospital mortality in CHD patients with renal insufficiency, supporting early risk stratification and clinical decision-making.
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spelling doaj-art-eef3e49b65064110b8e050f95c81a8362025-08-24T05:15:23ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention2772-48752025-09-012620046310.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200463Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiencyYahui Li0Hongsen Cai1Wei Zheng2Meijie Wang3Man Huang4Luyun Wang5Daowen Wang6Chunxia Zhao7Wenguang Hou8Hu Ding9Yan Wang10Hongling Zhu11Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, ChinaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, ChinaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, ChinaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, ChinaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, ChinaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China; Corresponding authors.College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Corresponding authors.Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China; Corresponding authors.Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China; Corresponding author.Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China; Corresponding author.Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) with renal insufficiency is a significant global health issue. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for in-hospital mortality to enable early risk identification in these patients. Methods: We analyzed data from 11,830 CHD patients with renal insufficiency treated at Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (1994–2023). Among 113 clinical variables, five key features—age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea—were selected using Recursive Feature Elimination. Six machine learning models (Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision Tree, Neural Network, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine) were developed and assessed for discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Temporal validation was performed using data from May 16, 2023 to October 31, 2024. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used for model interpretation. Results: Of the 11,830 patients, 694 (5.9 %) died during hospitalization. Among the six models, XGBoost showed the best overall performance in the test set, achieving the highest AUC (0.926), lowest Brier score (0.034), highest accuracy (0.957), and balanced sensitivity (0.381) and F1 score (0.512). Decision curve analysis confirmed its superior clinical utility. In a temporally independent validation cohort of 5983 patients, XGBoost maintained strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.901), demonstrating excellent robustness and generalizability. Conclusions: The XGBoost-based model accurately predicts in-hospital mortality in CHD patients with renal insufficiency, supporting early risk stratification and clinical decision-making.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525001011Coronary heart diseaseRenal insufficiencyMachine learningDeathShapley additive explanation
spellingShingle Yahui Li
Hongsen Cai
Wei Zheng
Meijie Wang
Man Huang
Luyun Wang
Daowen Wang
Chunxia Zhao
Wenguang Hou
Hu Ding
Yan Wang
Hongling Zhu
Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
Coronary heart disease
Renal insufficiency
Machine learning
Death
Shapley additive explanation
title Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
title_full Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
title_fullStr Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
title_short Development and validation of a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
title_sort development and validation of a predictive model for in hospital mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency
topic Coronary heart disease
Renal insufficiency
Machine learning
Death
Shapley additive explanation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525001011
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