Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures

Abstract Background Plate fixation is a widely used surgical procedure for proximal humeral fracture; however, relatively high complication rates have been reported. To prevent the occurrence of proximal screw cut out, pegs with blunt tips have been introduced to replace traditional screws for fixat...

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Main Authors: Ryogo Furuhata, Atsushi Tanji, Yusaku Kamata, Noboru Matsumura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08917-0
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author Ryogo Furuhata
Atsushi Tanji
Yusaku Kamata
Noboru Matsumura
author_facet Ryogo Furuhata
Atsushi Tanji
Yusaku Kamata
Noboru Matsumura
author_sort Ryogo Furuhata
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Plate fixation is a widely used surgical procedure for proximal humeral fracture; however, relatively high complication rates have been reported. To prevent the occurrence of proximal screw cut out, pegs with blunt tips have been introduced to replace traditional screws for fixation of the humeral head. However, few reports are available on the effect of using smooth pegs on surgical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical plates using all proximal screws and using all proximal pegs. Methods We retrospectively identified 48 patients who underwent osteosynthesis using an anatomical locking plate for proximal humeral fractures. We divided the patients into a screw group (25 patients) and a peg group (23 patients) according to the devices used to fix the humeral head. We compared operative outcomes, postoperative shoulder functional scores, and postoperative complication rates between the two groups. Results In terms of operative outcomes, the operation time was significantly shorter in the peg group than that in the screw group (94 [83–105] min vs. 114 [98–124] min, p < 0.001, r = 0.52). No significant differences in adjusted Constant score and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon score were observed at 1 year postoperatively between the two groups. However, the incidence of greater tuberosity reduction loss was significantly higher in the peg group than that in the screw group (17.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.046, φ = 0.32). Conclusions Our study showed that the use of proximal pegs did not significantly affect postoperative shoulder functional outcomes, although it may reduce operative time. In three-part fractures involving the greater tuberosity, the use of proximal screws or plates with sufficient coverage of the greater tuberosity may be desirable to prevent reduction loss of the greater tuberosity.
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spelling doaj-art-eeef961931df4bbf94d157fab6ffc6272025-08-20T03:42:37ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-07-012611910.1186/s12891-025-08917-0Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fracturesRyogo Furuhata0Atsushi Tanji1Yusaku Kamata2Noboru Matsumura3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ashikaga Red Cross HospitalDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ashikaga Red Cross HospitalDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical CenterDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineAbstract Background Plate fixation is a widely used surgical procedure for proximal humeral fracture; however, relatively high complication rates have been reported. To prevent the occurrence of proximal screw cut out, pegs with blunt tips have been introduced to replace traditional screws for fixation of the humeral head. However, few reports are available on the effect of using smooth pegs on surgical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical plates using all proximal screws and using all proximal pegs. Methods We retrospectively identified 48 patients who underwent osteosynthesis using an anatomical locking plate for proximal humeral fractures. We divided the patients into a screw group (25 patients) and a peg group (23 patients) according to the devices used to fix the humeral head. We compared operative outcomes, postoperative shoulder functional scores, and postoperative complication rates between the two groups. Results In terms of operative outcomes, the operation time was significantly shorter in the peg group than that in the screw group (94 [83–105] min vs. 114 [98–124] min, p < 0.001, r = 0.52). No significant differences in adjusted Constant score and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon score were observed at 1 year postoperatively between the two groups. However, the incidence of greater tuberosity reduction loss was significantly higher in the peg group than that in the screw group (17.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.046, φ = 0.32). Conclusions Our study showed that the use of proximal pegs did not significantly affect postoperative shoulder functional outcomes, although it may reduce operative time. In three-part fractures involving the greater tuberosity, the use of proximal screws or plates with sufficient coverage of the greater tuberosity may be desirable to prevent reduction loss of the greater tuberosity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08917-0Proximal humeral fracturePlate fixationOutcomePegGreater tuberosity reduction loss
spellingShingle Ryogo Furuhata
Atsushi Tanji
Yusaku Kamata
Noboru Matsumura
Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Proximal humeral fracture
Plate fixation
Outcome
Peg
Greater tuberosity reduction loss
title Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
title_full Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
title_fullStr Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
title_short Comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
title_sort comparison of surgical outcomes of osteosynthesis using anatomical locking plates with proximal screws and smooth pegs for proximal humeral fractures
topic Proximal humeral fracture
Plate fixation
Outcome
Peg
Greater tuberosity reduction loss
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08917-0
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