Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method

The superhydrophobic coatings for outdoor use need to be exposed to sunlight for a long time; therefore, their UV-aging resistances are crucial in practical applications. In this study, the primary product of titanium dioxide (P-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was used as the raw material. Nano-silica...

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Main Authors: Le Zhang, Ying Liu, Xuefeng Bai, Hao Ding, Xuan Wang, Daimei Chen, Yihe Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1127
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author Le Zhang
Ying Liu
Xuefeng Bai
Hao Ding
Xuan Wang
Daimei Chen
Yihe Zhang
author_facet Le Zhang
Ying Liu
Xuefeng Bai
Hao Ding
Xuan Wang
Daimei Chen
Yihe Zhang
author_sort Le Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The superhydrophobic coatings for outdoor use need to be exposed to sunlight for a long time; therefore, their UV-aging resistances are crucial in practical applications. In this study, the primary product of titanium dioxide (P-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was used as the raw material. Nano-silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) was coated onto the surface of P-TiO<sub>2</sub> by the acid precipitation method to prepare P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> composite particles. Then, they were modified and sprayed simply to obtain a superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating. The results indicated that amorphous nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> was coated on the P-TiO<sub>2</sub> surface, forming a micro–nano binary structure, which was the essential structure to form superhydrophobic coatings. Additionally, the UV-aging property of P-TiO<sub>2</sub> was significantly enhanced after being coated with SiO<sub>2</sub>. After continuous UV irradiation for 30 days, the color difference (ΔE*) and yellowing index (Δb*) values of the coating prepared with P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> increased from 0 to 0.75 and 0.23, respectively. In contrast, the ΔE* and Δb* of the coating prepared with P-TiO<sub>2</sub> increased from 0 to 1.68 and 0.74, respectively. It was clear that the yellowing degree of the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> coating was lower than that of P-TiO<sub>2</sub>, and its UV-aging resistance was significantly improved. After modification with HDTMS, the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> coating formed a superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating. The water contact angle (WCA) and water slide angle (WSA) on the surface of the coating were 154.9° and 1.3°, respectively. Furthermore, the coating demonstrated excellent UV-aging resistance. After continuous UV irradiation for 45 days, the WCA on the coating surface remained above 150°. Under the same conditions, the WCAs of the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating decreased from more than 150° to 15.3°. This indicated that the retention of surface hydrophobicity of the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating was longer than that of P-TiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS, and the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating’s UV-aging resistance was greater. The superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS self-cleaning coating reported in this study exhibited outstanding UV-aging resistance, and it had the potential for long-term outdoor use.
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spelling doaj-art-eedfe9e4d95e4c6fac23de991091acb92025-08-20T03:07:55ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-07-011514112710.3390/nano15141127Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation MethodLe Zhang0Ying Liu1Xuefeng Bai2Hao Ding3Xuan Wang4Daimei Chen5Yihe Zhang6Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKEngineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaLaboratory and Equipment Management Department, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe superhydrophobic coatings for outdoor use need to be exposed to sunlight for a long time; therefore, their UV-aging resistances are crucial in practical applications. In this study, the primary product of titanium dioxide (P-TiO<sub>2</sub>) was used as the raw material. Nano-silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) was coated onto the surface of P-TiO<sub>2</sub> by the acid precipitation method to prepare P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> composite particles. Then, they were modified and sprayed simply to obtain a superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating. The results indicated that amorphous nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> was coated on the P-TiO<sub>2</sub> surface, forming a micro–nano binary structure, which was the essential structure to form superhydrophobic coatings. Additionally, the UV-aging property of P-TiO<sub>2</sub> was significantly enhanced after being coated with SiO<sub>2</sub>. After continuous UV irradiation for 30 days, the color difference (ΔE*) and yellowing index (Δb*) values of the coating prepared with P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> increased from 0 to 0.75 and 0.23, respectively. In contrast, the ΔE* and Δb* of the coating prepared with P-TiO<sub>2</sub> increased from 0 to 1.68 and 0.74, respectively. It was clear that the yellowing degree of the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> coating was lower than that of P-TiO<sub>2</sub>, and its UV-aging resistance was significantly improved. After modification with HDTMS, the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> coating formed a superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating. The water contact angle (WCA) and water slide angle (WSA) on the surface of the coating were 154.9° and 1.3°, respectively. Furthermore, the coating demonstrated excellent UV-aging resistance. After continuous UV irradiation for 45 days, the WCA on the coating surface remained above 150°. Under the same conditions, the WCAs of the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating decreased from more than 150° to 15.3°. This indicated that the retention of surface hydrophobicity of the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating was longer than that of P-TiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS, and the P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS coating’s UV-aging resistance was greater. The superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS self-cleaning coating reported in this study exhibited outstanding UV-aging resistance, and it had the potential for long-term outdoor use.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1127primary product of titanium dioxideamorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>superhydrophobicself-cleaning coatingUV-aging resistance
spellingShingle Le Zhang
Ying Liu
Xuefeng Bai
Hao Ding
Xuan Wang
Daimei Chen
Yihe Zhang
Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method
Nanomaterials
primary product of titanium dioxide
amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>
superhydrophobic
self-cleaning coating
UV-aging resistance
title Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method
title_full Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method
title_fullStr Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method
title_full_unstemmed Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method
title_short Preparation of Superhydrophobic P-TiO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>/HDTMS Self-Cleaning Coatings with UV-Aging Resistance by Acid Precipitation Method
title_sort preparation of superhydrophobic p tio sub 2 sub sio sub 2 sub hdtms self cleaning coatings with uv aging resistance by acid precipitation method
topic primary product of titanium dioxide
amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub>
superhydrophobic
self-cleaning coating
UV-aging resistance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1127
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