Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?

Abstract Background The white-blooded Antarctic icefishes is a representative organism that survive under the stenothermal conditions of the Southern Ocean without the hemoglobin genes. To compensate for inefficient oxygen transport, distinct features such as increased heart size, greater blood volu...

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Main Authors: Seung Chul Shin, Sanghee Kim, Han-Woo Kim, Jun Hyuck Lee, Jin-Hyoung Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Genomics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-11028-0
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author Seung Chul Shin
Sanghee Kim
Han-Woo Kim
Jun Hyuck Lee
Jin-Hyoung Kim
author_facet Seung Chul Shin
Sanghee Kim
Han-Woo Kim
Jun Hyuck Lee
Jin-Hyoung Kim
author_sort Seung Chul Shin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The white-blooded Antarctic icefishes is a representative organism that survive under the stenothermal conditions of the Southern Ocean without the hemoglobin genes. To compensate for inefficient oxygen transport, distinct features such as increased heart size, greater blood volume, and reduced hematocrit density enhance the amount of dissolved oxygen and the velocity of blood flow. Results Here, we investigated these unique characteristics by comparing high-quality genomic data between white-blooded and red-blooded fishes and identified the loss of FAAP20, which is implicated in anemia. Although the gene region containing FAAP20 is conserved in notothenioids as shown through collinear analysis, only remnants of FAAP20 persist in several icefish species. Additionally, we observed the loss of SOAT1, which plays a pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism, providing a clue for further investigations into the unique mitochondrial form of the icefish. Conclusions The loss of FAAP20, which is known to reduce erythrocyte counts under stress conditions in mice and humans, may provide a clue to understanding the genomic characteristics related to oxygen supply, such as low hematocrit, in Antarctic icefishes.
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spelling doaj-art-eec1b73f525f4ed79cece769222498a32025-08-20T02:32:53ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642024-11-0125111010.1186/s12864-024-11028-0Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?Seung Chul Shin0Sanghee Kim1Han-Woo Kim2Jun Hyuck Lee3Jin-Hyoung Kim4Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)Abstract Background The white-blooded Antarctic icefishes is a representative organism that survive under the stenothermal conditions of the Southern Ocean without the hemoglobin genes. To compensate for inefficient oxygen transport, distinct features such as increased heart size, greater blood volume, and reduced hematocrit density enhance the amount of dissolved oxygen and the velocity of blood flow. Results Here, we investigated these unique characteristics by comparing high-quality genomic data between white-blooded and red-blooded fishes and identified the loss of FAAP20, which is implicated in anemia. Although the gene region containing FAAP20 is conserved in notothenioids as shown through collinear analysis, only remnants of FAAP20 persist in several icefish species. Additionally, we observed the loss of SOAT1, which plays a pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism, providing a clue for further investigations into the unique mitochondrial form of the icefish. Conclusions The loss of FAAP20, which is known to reduce erythrocyte counts under stress conditions in mice and humans, may provide a clue to understanding the genomic characteristics related to oxygen supply, such as low hematocrit, in Antarctic icefishes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-11028-0Antarctic icefishGene lossFanconi anemiaFAAP20
spellingShingle Seung Chul Shin
Sanghee Kim
Han-Woo Kim
Jun Hyuck Lee
Jin-Hyoung Kim
Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?
BMC Genomics
Antarctic icefish
Gene loss
Fanconi anemia
FAAP20
title Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?
title_full Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?
title_fullStr Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?
title_full_unstemmed Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?
title_short Gene loss in Antarctic icefish: evolutionary adaptations mimicking Fanconi Anemia?
title_sort gene loss in antarctic icefish evolutionary adaptations mimicking fanconi anemia
topic Antarctic icefish
Gene loss
Fanconi anemia
FAAP20
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-11028-0
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AT sangheekim genelossinantarcticicefishevolutionaryadaptationsmimickingfanconianemia
AT hanwookim genelossinantarcticicefishevolutionaryadaptationsmimickingfanconianemia
AT junhyucklee genelossinantarcticicefishevolutionaryadaptationsmimickingfanconianemia
AT jinhyoungkim genelossinantarcticicefishevolutionaryadaptationsmimickingfanconianemia