Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting

Abstract Background Motor milestones are not only indicators of developmental progress, but they also open up new opportunities for infants to interact with the environment and social partners, as the development of motor, social, and language skills is tightly interconnected in infancy. This study...

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Main Authors: Zuzanna Laudańska, Anna Malinowska-Korczak, Karolina Babis, Szymon Mąka, Itziar Lozano, Peter B. Marschik, Dajie Zhang, Katerina Patsis, Magdalena Szmytke, Monika Podstolak, Weronika Araszkiewicz, Przemysław Tomalski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02645-9
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author Zuzanna Laudańska
Anna Malinowska-Korczak
Karolina Babis
Szymon Mąka
Itziar Lozano
Peter B. Marschik
Dajie Zhang
Katerina Patsis
Magdalena Szmytke
Monika Podstolak
Weronika Araszkiewicz
Przemysław Tomalski
author_facet Zuzanna Laudańska
Anna Malinowska-Korczak
Karolina Babis
Szymon Mąka
Itziar Lozano
Peter B. Marschik
Dajie Zhang
Katerina Patsis
Magdalena Szmytke
Monika Podstolak
Weronika Araszkiewicz
Przemysław Tomalski
author_sort Zuzanna Laudańska
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Motor milestones are not only indicators of developmental progress, but they also open up new opportunities for infants to interact with the environment and social partners, as the development of motor, social, and language skills is tightly interconnected in infancy. This study will investigate how the transition to independent sitting relates to key areas of socio-communicative development in infancy: vocal production and visual attention. Methods This study addresses the relationship between sitting acquisition and social cognition skills in infancy. It will allow for comparing if infant motor development, vocalizations, and visual attention undergo developmental changes in parallel or whether they have intertwined trajectories. We will conduct a longitudinal study using a milestone-based approach to account for individual differences in relation to the timing of motor milestone acquisition. We will invite parent-infant dyads to the lab when infants are at different stages of independent sitting acquisition: non-sitting, attempting-sitting and expert-sitting. Infants’ attention toward faces and toys will be measured with a wearable eye-tracker during free-flowing dyadic interactions with their caregivers. During the same interactions, infant vocalizations will also be recorded and analyzed. Additionally, screen-based eye-tracking will be used to precisely assess changes in infants’ attention to the mouth area of the speaker. Discussion Altogether, this study will provide a unique dataset that tracks the cross-dependence of motor, visual and vocal developmental trajectories. It will have the potential to inform future studies of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism that are characterized by socio-communicative challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-eebd8d6709b94ad29c58f796d052e72d2025-08-20T04:01:47ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-04-0113111010.1186/s40359-025-02645-9Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sittingZuzanna Laudańska0Anna Malinowska-Korczak1Karolina Babis2Szymon Mąka3Itziar Lozano4Peter B. Marschik5Dajie Zhang6Katerina Patsis7Magdalena Szmytke8Monika Podstolak9Weronika Araszkiewicz10Przemysław Tomalski11Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG)Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesInstitute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesAbstract Background Motor milestones are not only indicators of developmental progress, but they also open up new opportunities for infants to interact with the environment and social partners, as the development of motor, social, and language skills is tightly interconnected in infancy. This study will investigate how the transition to independent sitting relates to key areas of socio-communicative development in infancy: vocal production and visual attention. Methods This study addresses the relationship between sitting acquisition and social cognition skills in infancy. It will allow for comparing if infant motor development, vocalizations, and visual attention undergo developmental changes in parallel or whether they have intertwined trajectories. We will conduct a longitudinal study using a milestone-based approach to account for individual differences in relation to the timing of motor milestone acquisition. We will invite parent-infant dyads to the lab when infants are at different stages of independent sitting acquisition: non-sitting, attempting-sitting and expert-sitting. Infants’ attention toward faces and toys will be measured with a wearable eye-tracker during free-flowing dyadic interactions with their caregivers. During the same interactions, infant vocalizations will also be recorded and analyzed. Additionally, screen-based eye-tracking will be used to precisely assess changes in infants’ attention to the mouth area of the speaker. Discussion Altogether, this study will provide a unique dataset that tracks the cross-dependence of motor, visual and vocal developmental trajectories. It will have the potential to inform future studies of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism that are characterized by socio-communicative challenges.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02645-9InfantsEye-trackingHead-mounted eye-trackingWearablesInertial motion unitsMotor development
spellingShingle Zuzanna Laudańska
Anna Malinowska-Korczak
Karolina Babis
Szymon Mąka
Itziar Lozano
Peter B. Marschik
Dajie Zhang
Katerina Patsis
Magdalena Szmytke
Monika Podstolak
Weronika Araszkiewicz
Przemysław Tomalski
Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
BMC Psychology
Infants
Eye-tracking
Head-mounted eye-tracking
Wearables
Inertial motion units
Motor development
title Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
title_full Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
title_fullStr Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
title_full_unstemmed Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
title_short Sit and face the world: ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
title_sort sit and face the world ontogenetic adaptation in infant vocal production and visual attention during the transition to independent sitting
topic Infants
Eye-tracking
Head-mounted eye-tracking
Wearables
Inertial motion units
Motor development
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02645-9
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