Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. With disease-modifying treatments highly requested, numerous aptamers have been experimentally selected, showing high affinity and specificity binding to the main drivers in the p...

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Main Authors: Benedikt Jakob Lohnes, Aaron John Goff, Udo Frank Hartwig, Nitesh Kumar Poddar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12186-1
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author Benedikt Jakob Lohnes
Aaron John Goff
Udo Frank Hartwig
Nitesh Kumar Poddar
author_facet Benedikt Jakob Lohnes
Aaron John Goff
Udo Frank Hartwig
Nitesh Kumar Poddar
author_sort Benedikt Jakob Lohnes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. With disease-modifying treatments highly requested, numerous aptamers have been experimentally selected, showing high affinity and specificity binding to the main drivers in the pathology. Still, more studies are needed to compare the biochemical properties and target interactions to streamline the generation of high-efficacy therapeutics. With recent improvements in bioinformatics, we predicted the 2D and 3D structures of known aptamers based on literature-derived sequences, followed by molecular dynamics, molecular docking, and MM/PBSA binding affinity simulations of the aptamer-target complexes. We observed a strong correlation between experimental affinity values and predicted binding free energies, demonstrating the value of implementing computational strategies to streamline the selection process. We identified DNA aptamers as most promising due to their high predictability compared to RNA aptamers and the low docking scores of peptide aptamers. Furthermore, we identified hydrophobic and basic amino acids most frequently contributing to the interaction, with the basic amino acids, arginine, histidine, and lysine accounting for most interactions in all groups. This suggests that forming hydrophobic pockets and ionic interactions mediates aptamer binding, allowing a more directed targeting of Alzheimer’s disease and providing the basis for future modifications.
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spelling doaj-art-eeb9dcd4fdc44c8d927d91b84fca9b222025-08-20T03:04:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-12186-1Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulationsBenedikt Jakob Lohnes0Aaron John Goff1Udo Frank Hartwig2Nitesh Kumar Poddar3Department of Biosciences, Manipal University JaipurDepartment of Biosciences, Manipal University JaipurDepartment of Hematology & Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityDepartment of Biosciences, Manipal University JaipurAbstract Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. With disease-modifying treatments highly requested, numerous aptamers have been experimentally selected, showing high affinity and specificity binding to the main drivers in the pathology. Still, more studies are needed to compare the biochemical properties and target interactions to streamline the generation of high-efficacy therapeutics. With recent improvements in bioinformatics, we predicted the 2D and 3D structures of known aptamers based on literature-derived sequences, followed by molecular dynamics, molecular docking, and MM/PBSA binding affinity simulations of the aptamer-target complexes. We observed a strong correlation between experimental affinity values and predicted binding free energies, demonstrating the value of implementing computational strategies to streamline the selection process. We identified DNA aptamers as most promising due to their high predictability compared to RNA aptamers and the low docking scores of peptide aptamers. Furthermore, we identified hydrophobic and basic amino acids most frequently contributing to the interaction, with the basic amino acids, arginine, histidine, and lysine accounting for most interactions in all groups. This suggests that forming hydrophobic pockets and ionic interactions mediates aptamer binding, allowing a more directed targeting of Alzheimer’s disease and providing the basis for future modifications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12186-1Alzheimer’s diseaseAptamerStructure predictionMolecular dynamicsMolecular DockingMM/PBSA
spellingShingle Benedikt Jakob Lohnes
Aaron John Goff
Udo Frank Hartwig
Nitesh Kumar Poddar
Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
Scientific Reports
Alzheimer’s disease
Aptamer
Structure prediction
Molecular dynamics
Molecular Docking
MM/PBSA
title Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
title_full Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
title_fullStr Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
title_short Enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer’s disease: integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
title_sort enhancing aptamer selection in alzheimer s disease integrating structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations
topic Alzheimer’s disease
Aptamer
Structure prediction
Molecular dynamics
Molecular Docking
MM/PBSA
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12186-1
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AT aaronjohngoff enhancingaptamerselectioninalzheimersdiseaseintegratingstructurepredictionandmoleculardynamicssimulations
AT udofrankhartwig enhancingaptamerselectioninalzheimersdiseaseintegratingstructurepredictionandmoleculardynamicssimulations
AT niteshkumarpoddar enhancingaptamerselectioninalzheimersdiseaseintegratingstructurepredictionandmoleculardynamicssimulations