Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh

Multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms pose a significant global concern, affecting both human and animal health. Synanthropic small mammals, such as rodents and shrews can serve as environmental reservoirs and vectors for MDR organisms, including Salmonella spp. Hence, a cross-sectional study was cond...

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Main Authors: Md Aftabuddin Rumi, Injamamul Hasnine, Md Abu Sayeed, Monjurul Islam, Pronesh Dutta, Md Helal Uddin, Farhana Rahman, Mohammed Abdus Samad, Jade K. Forwood, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Ariful Islam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:One Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001715
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author Md Aftabuddin Rumi
Injamamul Hasnine
Md Abu Sayeed
Monjurul Islam
Pronesh Dutta
Md Helal Uddin
Farhana Rahman
Mohammed Abdus Samad
Jade K. Forwood
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Ariful Islam
author_facet Md Aftabuddin Rumi
Injamamul Hasnine
Md Abu Sayeed
Monjurul Islam
Pronesh Dutta
Md Helal Uddin
Farhana Rahman
Mohammed Abdus Samad
Jade K. Forwood
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Ariful Islam
author_sort Md Aftabuddin Rumi
collection DOAJ
description Multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms pose a significant global concern, affecting both human and animal health. Synanthropic small mammals, such as rodents and shrews can serve as environmental reservoirs and vectors for MDR organisms, including Salmonella spp. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and MDR patterns of Salmonella spp. in wild rodents and shrews across diverse ecological settings in Bangladesh. Throat and rectal/fecal swab samples were collected from a total of 350 mammals (203 wild rodents and 147 shrews) and tested for Salmonella spp. using selective culturing, biochemical properties and PCR. All isolates were tested for culture susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for 17 antimicrobials. Our findings revealed the overall prevalence of MDR Salmonella spp. was 38.6 % (95 % CI: 33.5–44.0). Prevalence was highest in S. murinus (61.2 %), followed by B. bengalensis (35.9 %), M. musculus (29.4 %) and R. rattus (29.0 %). The resistance of the isolated Salmonella strains in descending order was: 100 % to ampicillin and oxytetracycline, followed by 94 % to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 92.0 % to doxycycline, and 89.0 % to ciprofloxacin. Shrews had significantly higher odds of carrying MDR Salmonella (OR = 3.8, p < 0.01) compared to rodents. Moreover, small mammals from human dwellings had greater odds (OR = 2.4, p < 0.01) of carrying MDR Salmonella than agricultural lands. Resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin is particularly concerning, as these are critical for treating human infections with third generation cephalosporin and macrolides. These findings underscore the importance of enhanced reduced environmental contamination and judicious use of antibiotics to prevent spillovers of MDR organisms from wildlife to people and livestock.
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spelling doaj-art-eea82bd1d94c4293b1ab8955bf38e6db2025-08-20T03:29:10ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142025-12-012110113510.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101135Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in BangladeshMd Aftabuddin Rumi0Injamamul Hasnine1Md Abu Sayeed2Monjurul Islam3Pronesh Dutta4Md Helal Uddin5Farhana Rahman6Mohammed Abdus Samad7Jade K. Forwood8Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan9Ariful Islam10Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshInstitute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, BangladeshNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, AustraliaInstitute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, BangladeshInstitute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, BangladeshFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshBangladesh Forest Department, Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, BangladeshAntimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, BangladeshGulbali Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, AustraliaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh; Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaGulbali Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; Corresponding author at: Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.Multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms pose a significant global concern, affecting both human and animal health. Synanthropic small mammals, such as rodents and shrews can serve as environmental reservoirs and vectors for MDR organisms, including Salmonella spp. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and MDR patterns of Salmonella spp. in wild rodents and shrews across diverse ecological settings in Bangladesh. Throat and rectal/fecal swab samples were collected from a total of 350 mammals (203 wild rodents and 147 shrews) and tested for Salmonella spp. using selective culturing, biochemical properties and PCR. All isolates were tested for culture susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for 17 antimicrobials. Our findings revealed the overall prevalence of MDR Salmonella spp. was 38.6 % (95 % CI: 33.5–44.0). Prevalence was highest in S. murinus (61.2 %), followed by B. bengalensis (35.9 %), M. musculus (29.4 %) and R. rattus (29.0 %). The resistance of the isolated Salmonella strains in descending order was: 100 % to ampicillin and oxytetracycline, followed by 94 % to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 92.0 % to doxycycline, and 89.0 % to ciprofloxacin. Shrews had significantly higher odds of carrying MDR Salmonella (OR = 3.8, p < 0.01) compared to rodents. Moreover, small mammals from human dwellings had greater odds (OR = 2.4, p < 0.01) of carrying MDR Salmonella than agricultural lands. Resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin is particularly concerning, as these are critical for treating human infections with third generation cephalosporin and macrolides. These findings underscore the importance of enhanced reduced environmental contamination and judicious use of antibiotics to prevent spillovers of MDR organisms from wildlife to people and livestock.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001715AMRMDRBacteriaPrevalenceRisk factorsEcology
spellingShingle Md Aftabuddin Rumi
Injamamul Hasnine
Md Abu Sayeed
Monjurul Islam
Pronesh Dutta
Md Helal Uddin
Farhana Rahman
Mohammed Abdus Samad
Jade K. Forwood
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Ariful Islam
Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh
One Health
AMR
MDR
Bacteria
Prevalence
Risk factors
Ecology
title Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh
title_full Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh
title_short Ecology and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in Bangladesh
title_sort ecology and epidemiology of multidrug resistant salmonella in synanthropic small mammals in bangladesh
topic AMR
MDR
Bacteria
Prevalence
Risk factors
Ecology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001715
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