Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses

Although influenza A viruses predominate globally, influenza B viruses are responsible for a significant and often underappreciated burden. Despite this, immunity to influenza B viruses remains understudied, and there is a perception that vaccine-mediated immune responses to influenza B strains are...

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Main Authors: Matthew S. Miller, Emanuele Montomoli, Eyal Leshem, Michael Schotsaert, Thomas Weinke, Nevena Vicic, Deborah Rudin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2421096
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author Matthew S. Miller
Emanuele Montomoli
Eyal Leshem
Michael Schotsaert
Thomas Weinke
Nevena Vicic
Deborah Rudin
author_facet Matthew S. Miller
Emanuele Montomoli
Eyal Leshem
Michael Schotsaert
Thomas Weinke
Nevena Vicic
Deborah Rudin
author_sort Matthew S. Miller
collection DOAJ
description Although influenza A viruses predominate globally, influenza B viruses are responsible for a significant and often underappreciated burden. Despite this, immunity to influenza B viruses remains understudied, and there is a perception that vaccine-mediated immune responses to influenza B strains are less robust than influenza A strains. This targeted literature review examines this concept using data from pivotal phase 3 immunogenicity studies on currently licensed seasonal influenza vaccines and explores several explanations for this phenomenon, including immune exposure history, assay limitations, virus-related properties inherent to B lineages, and strain mismatch. Overall, studies demonstrated vaccines induce variable and sometimes less robust immune responses to influenza B strains; however, further studies are needed to fully confirm and understand these observations. In identifying the potential causes of variable performance of current vaccines against influenza, this review aims to guide vaccine development to enhance overall vaccine performance and reduce disease burden worldwide.
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series Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
spelling doaj-art-eea13165aaf64fa6b1f865fc674f192c2025-08-20T02:34:23ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2024-12-0120110.1080/21645515.2024.2421096Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage virusesMatthew S. Miller0Emanuele Montomoli1Eyal Leshem2Michael Schotsaert3Thomas Weinke4Nevena Vicic5Deborah Rudin6Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel, and Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, IsraelDepartment of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn Genomics Institute, Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAKlinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, GermanyModerna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USAModerna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USAAlthough influenza A viruses predominate globally, influenza B viruses are responsible for a significant and often underappreciated burden. Despite this, immunity to influenza B viruses remains understudied, and there is a perception that vaccine-mediated immune responses to influenza B strains are less robust than influenza A strains. This targeted literature review examines this concept using data from pivotal phase 3 immunogenicity studies on currently licensed seasonal influenza vaccines and explores several explanations for this phenomenon, including immune exposure history, assay limitations, virus-related properties inherent to B lineages, and strain mismatch. Overall, studies demonstrated vaccines induce variable and sometimes less robust immune responses to influenza B strains; however, further studies are needed to fully confirm and understand these observations. In identifying the potential causes of variable performance of current vaccines against influenza, this review aims to guide vaccine development to enhance overall vaccine performance and reduce disease burden worldwide.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2421096Seasonal influenzainfluenzavaccinevaccinationimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Matthew S. Miller
Emanuele Montomoli
Eyal Leshem
Michael Schotsaert
Thomas Weinke
Nevena Vicic
Deborah Rudin
Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Seasonal influenza
influenza
vaccine
vaccination
immunogenicity
title Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses
title_full Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses
title_fullStr Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses
title_short Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses
title_sort seasonal influenza vaccines variability of immune responses to b lineage viruses
topic Seasonal influenza
influenza
vaccine
vaccination
immunogenicity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2421096
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