Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life

Large amounts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EL) are generated during wood processing, remaining underutilized despite their potential health benefits related to their high levels of bioactive compounds. In this study, three EL samples from different regions of Tunisia ; Haouaria, Makther, and Haffo...

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Main Authors: Wafa Gargouri, Sana Ben Hamad Bouhamed, Maroua Omrane, Naourez Ktari, Sirine Ben Slima, Imen Trabelsi, Riadh Ben Salah, Neila Bahloul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225003427
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author Wafa Gargouri
Sana Ben Hamad Bouhamed
Maroua Omrane
Naourez Ktari
Sirine Ben Slima
Imen Trabelsi
Riadh Ben Salah
Neila Bahloul
author_facet Wafa Gargouri
Sana Ben Hamad Bouhamed
Maroua Omrane
Naourez Ktari
Sirine Ben Slima
Imen Trabelsi
Riadh Ben Salah
Neila Bahloul
author_sort Wafa Gargouri
collection DOAJ
description Large amounts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EL) are generated during wood processing, remaining underutilized despite their potential health benefits related to their high levels of bioactive compounds. In this study, three EL samples from different regions of Tunisia ; Haouaria, Makther, and Haffouz, were analyzed for their phenolic composition and antioxidant activities. EL from Haouaria contained the highest levels of phenolic compounds, with rutin, benzoic acid and chlorogenic acid being the major identified compounds. Possessing the highest antioxidant content and potential, the Haouaria EL phenolic extract was incorporated into chewing gum at two concentrations, 0.05 and 0.1 %. The sensory quality and shelf life of the developed chewing gum were evaluated using accelerated shelf life testing at temperatures of 25, 35, and 50 °C, based on the Arrhenius equation. Sensory analysis revealed that the chewing gum samples containing 0.05 % extract from Haouaria were more resistant to sensorial quality deterioration during storage. Furthermore, the Arrhenius model, applied for the first time to model the degradation of the gum's moisture and hardness, effectively predicted the shelf life of the chewing gum. Based on the hardness parameter at 25 °C, the shelf life of the gum samples was 19.69 months, which was closest to the control samples (20.70 months) that used synthetic antioxidants. These results highlight the potential of EL phenolic extract as a natural food preservative, offering a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
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spelling doaj-art-ee96bb6b0b2b445aa16739d6320e4f612025-08-20T03:20:12ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-06-015110103410.1016/j.afres.2025.101034Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf lifeWafa Gargouri0Sana Ben Hamad Bouhamed1Maroua Omrane2Naourez Ktari3Sirine Ben Slima4Imen Trabelsi5Riadh Ben Salah6Neila Bahloul7Research Group of Agri-Food Processing Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Fluids Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment “LR11ES57”, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Biotechnology Microbial, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Corresponding author.Research Group of Agri-Food Processing Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Fluids Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment “LR11ES57”, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, TunisiaResearch Group of Agri-Food Processing Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Fluids Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment “LR11ES57”, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, TunisiaLaboratory of Biotechnology Microbial, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, TunisiaLaboratory of Biotechnology Microbial, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; University of Carthage, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), Departement of Agri-food industry UR17AGR01, Tunis, TunisiaLaboratory of Biotechnology Microbial, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, TunisiaLaboratory of Biotechnology Microbial, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, TunisiaResearch Group of Agri-Food Processing Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Fluids Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment “LR11ES57”, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, TunisiaLarge amounts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EL) are generated during wood processing, remaining underutilized despite their potential health benefits related to their high levels of bioactive compounds. In this study, three EL samples from different regions of Tunisia ; Haouaria, Makther, and Haffouz, were analyzed for their phenolic composition and antioxidant activities. EL from Haouaria contained the highest levels of phenolic compounds, with rutin, benzoic acid and chlorogenic acid being the major identified compounds. Possessing the highest antioxidant content and potential, the Haouaria EL phenolic extract was incorporated into chewing gum at two concentrations, 0.05 and 0.1 %. The sensory quality and shelf life of the developed chewing gum were evaluated using accelerated shelf life testing at temperatures of 25, 35, and 50 °C, based on the Arrhenius equation. Sensory analysis revealed that the chewing gum samples containing 0.05 % extract from Haouaria were more resistant to sensorial quality deterioration during storage. Furthermore, the Arrhenius model, applied for the first time to model the degradation of the gum's moisture and hardness, effectively predicted the shelf life of the chewing gum. Based on the hardness parameter at 25 °C, the shelf life of the gum samples was 19.69 months, which was closest to the control samples (20.70 months) that used synthetic antioxidants. These results highlight the potential of EL phenolic extract as a natural food preservative, offering a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225003427Eucalyptus globulusChewing gumShelf lifePhenolic compoundsSensory analysis
spellingShingle Wafa Gargouri
Sana Ben Hamad Bouhamed
Maroua Omrane
Naourez Ktari
Sirine Ben Slima
Imen Trabelsi
Riadh Ben Salah
Neila Bahloul
Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
Applied Food Research
Eucalyptus globulus
Chewing gum
Shelf life
Phenolic compounds
Sensory analysis
title Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
title_full Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
title_fullStr Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
title_full_unstemmed Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
title_short Fortification of sugar-free chewing gum with Eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract: Effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
title_sort fortification of sugar free chewing gum with eucalyptus globulus leaves phenolic extract effects on quality characteristics and shelf life
topic Eucalyptus globulus
Chewing gum
Shelf life
Phenolic compounds
Sensory analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225003427
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