Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis
This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, bacterial distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and potential risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis (SCM) in small-holder dairy herds in Gansu Province, Northwest China. Forty small-holder cow farms were randomly selected from eig...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Ling Wang Shahbaz Ul Haq Muhammad Shoaib Jiongjie He Wenzhu Guo Xiaojuan Wei Xiaohong Zheng |
| author_facet | Ling Wang Shahbaz Ul Haq Muhammad Shoaib Jiongjie He Wenzhu Guo Xiaojuan Wei Xiaohong Zheng |
| author_sort | Ling Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, bacterial distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and potential risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis (SCM) in small-holder dairy herds in Gansu Province, Northwest China. Forty small-holder cow farms were randomly selected from eight cities/counties in six districts of Gansu Province, and a total of <i>n</i> = 530 lactating cows were included in this study. SCM prevalence was noted at 38.87% and 9.72% at the cow and quarter levels, respectively, based on the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of the recovered bacterial species was noted as follows: <i>S. agalactiae</i> (36.02%), <i>S. aureus</i> (19.43%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (16.11%), <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> (12.80%), <i>E. coli</i> (9.00%), and <i>S. uberis</i> (6.64%). All isolated bacteria were 100% multi-drug-resistant (MDR) except <i>S. aureus</i> (87.8% MDR). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles revealed the increased resistance (>85%) of these pathogens to penicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, and erythromycin. However, these pathogens showed increased susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin–sulbactam, ceftazidime, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that old age, high parity, late lactation, lesions on teats, previous history of clinical mastitis, higher milk yield, and milking training were found to be potential risk factors (<i>p</i> < 0.001) associated with developing SCM in small-holder dairy cows in Gansu Province, China. These findings highlight the need for routine surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and effective preventive strategies to mitigate SCM in small-holder dairy production and their possible impacts, i.e., increased antimicrobial resistance and infection, on public health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee82745d1d314bb0b0f9edf13014f190 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ee82745d1d314bb0b0f9edf13014f1902025-08-20T02:50:41ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011212264310.3390/microorganisms12122643Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor AnalysisLing Wang0Shahbaz Ul Haq1Muhammad Shoaib2Jiongjie He3Wenzhu Guo4Xiaojuan Wei5Xiaohong Zheng6Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, ChinaKey Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaThis cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, bacterial distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and potential risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis (SCM) in small-holder dairy herds in Gansu Province, Northwest China. Forty small-holder cow farms were randomly selected from eight cities/counties in six districts of Gansu Province, and a total of <i>n</i> = 530 lactating cows were included in this study. SCM prevalence was noted at 38.87% and 9.72% at the cow and quarter levels, respectively, based on the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The prevalence of the recovered bacterial species was noted as follows: <i>S. agalactiae</i> (36.02%), <i>S. aureus</i> (19.43%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (16.11%), <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> (12.80%), <i>E. coli</i> (9.00%), and <i>S. uberis</i> (6.64%). All isolated bacteria were 100% multi-drug-resistant (MDR) except <i>S. aureus</i> (87.8% MDR). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles revealed the increased resistance (>85%) of these pathogens to penicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, and erythromycin. However, these pathogens showed increased susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin–sulbactam, ceftazidime, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that old age, high parity, late lactation, lesions on teats, previous history of clinical mastitis, higher milk yield, and milking training were found to be potential risk factors (<i>p</i> < 0.001) associated with developing SCM in small-holder dairy cows in Gansu Province, China. These findings highlight the need for routine surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and effective preventive strategies to mitigate SCM in small-holder dairy production and their possible impacts, i.e., increased antimicrobial resistance and infection, on public health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2643subclinical mastitisrisk factoretiologyoccurrenceantimicrobial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Ling Wang Shahbaz Ul Haq Muhammad Shoaib Jiongjie He Wenzhu Guo Xiaojuan Wei Xiaohong Zheng Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis Microorganisms subclinical mastitis risk factor etiology occurrence antimicrobial resistance |
| title | Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis |
| title_full | Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis |
| title_short | Subclinical Mastitis in Small-Holder Dairy Herds of Gansu Province, Northwest China: Prevalence, Bacterial Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Risk Factor Analysis |
| title_sort | subclinical mastitis in small holder dairy herds of gansu province northwest china prevalence bacterial pathogens antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factor analysis |
| topic | subclinical mastitis risk factor etiology occurrence antimicrobial resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2643 |
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