Aerosols produced during biomass conversion and their organic extracts – cytotoxic and oxidative response of a lung cell model system
Residual products from the rural economy are increasingly utilized in practice as biofuels. However, the safe application of the resulting combustion-generated ultrafine particles warrants toxicological studies, including cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, as well as alternative methodologies such a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pensoft Publishers
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Pharmacia |
| Online Access: | https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/163328/download/pdf/ |
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| Summary: | Residual products from the rural economy are increasingly utilized in practice as biofuels. However, the safe application of the resulting combustion-generated ultrafine particles warrants toxicological studies, including cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, as well as alternative methodologies such as genetic methods. The aim of this work was to formulate a methodological workflow to study the cytotoxic and oxidative stress responses of human A549 cells, originating from human lung tissue, exposed to particulate matter (PM) in the submicron range (UPM). The study focused mostly on cherry stone and wheat straw combustion products, taking into consideration the influence of the sample collection approach. The assays for cell viability, protein carbonyls, and HMOX1 expression by RT-qPCR showed minimal cytotoxic effects and a concentration-dependent increase in oxidative stress markers. Notably, elevated HMOX1 expression indicated the presence of an antioxidant response, which was stronger with cherry stone UPM compared to UPM from wheat straw. The sample collection protocol only marginally influenced biological outcomes. This study represents an innovative and alternative animal-free workflow, well suited for the toxicological assessment of combustion-generated UPM. It showed weaker cellular responses to wheat straw UPM compared to cherry stone UPM. This approach could well be applied for assessing the health risks of exposure to other ambient air pollutants. |
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| ISSN: | 2603-557X |