Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications
Human tissues exhibit strain rate-dependent mechanical properties, adapting to various physical activities by altering their stiffness and elasticity. This dynamic behavior is critical for tissue functionality, influencing the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering. The current choice of tiss...
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Polymer Testing |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825000923 |
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| author | Kamil Elkhoury Guan-Lin Chen Erfan Noorbakhsh Noshahri Julio Zuazola Nikhil Gupta Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman |
| author_facet | Kamil Elkhoury Guan-Lin Chen Erfan Noorbakhsh Noshahri Julio Zuazola Nikhil Gupta Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman |
| author_sort | Kamil Elkhoury |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human tissues exhibit strain rate-dependent mechanical properties, adapting to various physical activities by altering their stiffness and elasticity. This dynamic behavior is critical for tissue functionality, influencing the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering. The current choice of tissue-specific biomaterials does not take into account the tissue dynamics nor the strain-dependent property variation. We propose a conceptual framework to overcome this challenge, considering soft tissues as a case in point and Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) as a suitable material, the chemistry of which can be controlled to develop them across a broad spectrum of mechanical properties to match those of the natural tissue. TPUs have attracted considerable interest in tissue engineering because of their versatility in biofabrication methods, tunable mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. However, characterizing such soft viscoelastic materials with a strong dependence of their properties on temperature and strain rate is a challenge and requires an elaborate test scheme over multiple strain rates and temperatures. The present study described a viscoelastic-elastic transform that can convert the frequency domain viscoelastic measurements to elastic constants over a wider range of test conditions using a single sample and substantially reduce the test regime. Tensile test measurements were used to validate the results of the transformation. The findings revealed that while some TPUs might be suitable for certain applications at specific strain rates, others are better suited when strain rates are varied to more accurately mimic human life conditions. Additionally, cytocompatibility tests, crucial for tissue engineering applications, confirmed that the TPU scaffolds support cell attachment and proliferation, with viability rates exceeding 80 % across all tested groups. Overall, this study highlights the versatility of the viscoelastic-elastic transform method in identifying suitable materials by characterizing their strain rate-dependent mechanical properties, thereby optimizing scaffold performance to more accurately replicate the dynamic conditions encountered in human tissues. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee71afdf0b2041c591a27be9e7dee079 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1873-2348 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymer Testing |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee71afdf0b2041c591a27be9e7dee0792025-08-20T03:09:04ZengElsevierPolymer Testing1873-23482025-05-0114610877810.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108778Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applicationsKamil Elkhoury0Guan-Lin Chen1Erfan Noorbakhsh Noshahri2Julio Zuazola3Nikhil Gupta4Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman5The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Composite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USAComposite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USAThe Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesThe Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesComposite Materials and Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Corresponding author.The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Corresponding author. The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.Human tissues exhibit strain rate-dependent mechanical properties, adapting to various physical activities by altering their stiffness and elasticity. This dynamic behavior is critical for tissue functionality, influencing the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering. The current choice of tissue-specific biomaterials does not take into account the tissue dynamics nor the strain-dependent property variation. We propose a conceptual framework to overcome this challenge, considering soft tissues as a case in point and Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) as a suitable material, the chemistry of which can be controlled to develop them across a broad spectrum of mechanical properties to match those of the natural tissue. TPUs have attracted considerable interest in tissue engineering because of their versatility in biofabrication methods, tunable mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. However, characterizing such soft viscoelastic materials with a strong dependence of their properties on temperature and strain rate is a challenge and requires an elaborate test scheme over multiple strain rates and temperatures. The present study described a viscoelastic-elastic transform that can convert the frequency domain viscoelastic measurements to elastic constants over a wider range of test conditions using a single sample and substantially reduce the test regime. Tensile test measurements were used to validate the results of the transformation. The findings revealed that while some TPUs might be suitable for certain applications at specific strain rates, others are better suited when strain rates are varied to more accurately mimic human life conditions. Additionally, cytocompatibility tests, crucial for tissue engineering applications, confirmed that the TPU scaffolds support cell attachment and proliferation, with viability rates exceeding 80 % across all tested groups. Overall, this study highlights the versatility of the viscoelastic-elastic transform method in identifying suitable materials by characterizing their strain rate-dependent mechanical properties, thereby optimizing scaffold performance to more accurately replicate the dynamic conditions encountered in human tissues.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825000923Dynamic mechanical analysisElastic modulusThermoplastic polyurethane TPU3D printingTissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Kamil Elkhoury Guan-Lin Chen Erfan Noorbakhsh Noshahri Julio Zuazola Nikhil Gupta Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications Polymer Testing Dynamic mechanical analysis Elastic modulus Thermoplastic polyurethane TPU 3D printing Tissue engineering |
| title | Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications |
| title_full | Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications |
| title_fullStr | Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications |
| title_short | Viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications |
| title_sort | viscoelastic to elastic transformation of soft polymer properties for accelerated materials selection based on tissue dynamics in tissue engineering applications |
| topic | Dynamic mechanical analysis Elastic modulus Thermoplastic polyurethane TPU 3D printing Tissue engineering |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825000923 |
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