Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania.
<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is suspected to be a major cause of illness in rural Tanzania associated with close contact with livestock. We sought to determine leptospirosis prevalence, identify infecting Leptospira serogroups, and investigate risk factors for leptospirosis in a rura...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-12-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011855&type=printable |
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| author | Michael J Maze Gabriel M Shirima Abdul-Hamid S Lukambagire Rebecca F Bodenham Matthew P Rubach Shama Cash-Goldwasser Manuela Carugati Kate M Thomas Philoteus Sakasaka Nestory Mkenda Kathryn J Allan Rudovick R Kazwala Blandina T Mmbaga Joram J Buza Venance P Maro Renee L Galloway Daniel T Haydon John A Crump Jo E B Halliday |
| author_facet | Michael J Maze Gabriel M Shirima Abdul-Hamid S Lukambagire Rebecca F Bodenham Matthew P Rubach Shama Cash-Goldwasser Manuela Carugati Kate M Thomas Philoteus Sakasaka Nestory Mkenda Kathryn J Allan Rudovick R Kazwala Blandina T Mmbaga Joram J Buza Venance P Maro Renee L Galloway Daniel T Haydon John A Crump Jo E B Halliday |
| author_sort | Michael J Maze |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is suspected to be a major cause of illness in rural Tanzania associated with close contact with livestock. We sought to determine leptospirosis prevalence, identify infecting Leptospira serogroups, and investigate risk factors for leptospirosis in a rural area of Tanzania where pastoralist animal husbandry practices and sustained livestock contact are common.<h4>Methods</h4>We enrolled participants at Endulen Hospital, Tanzania. Patients with a history of fever within 72 hours, or a tympanic temperature of ≥38.0°C were eligible. Serum samples were collected at presentation and 4-6 weeks later. Sera were tested using microscopic agglutination testing with 20 Leptospira serovars from 17 serogroups. Acute leptospirosis cases were defined by a ≥four-fold rise in antibody titre between acute and convalescent serum samples or a reciprocal titre ≥400 in either sample. Leptospira seropositivity was defined by a single reciprocal antibody titre ≥100 in either sample. We defined the predominant reactive serogroup as that with the highest titre. We explored risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity using logistic regression modelling.<h4>Results</h4>Of 229 participants, 99 (43.2%) were male and the median (range) age was 27 (0, 78) years. Participation in at least one animal husbandry practice was reported by 160 (69.9%). We identified 18 (7.9%) cases of acute leptospirosis, with Djasiman 8 (44.4%) and Australis 7 (38.9%) the most common predominant reactive serogroups. Overall, 69 (30.1%) participants were Leptospira seropositive and the most common predominant reactive serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 20, 29.0%), Djasiman (n = 19, 27.5%), and Australis (n = 17, 24.6%). Milking cattle (OR 6.27, 95% CI 2.24-7.52) was a risk factor for acute leptospirosis, and milking goats (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.07-5.16) was a risk factor for Leptospira seropositivity.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We identified leptospirosis in approximately one in twelve patients attending hospital with fever from this rural community. Interventions that reduce risks associated with milking livestock may reduce human infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee70068a7f504ba685f6f00d6059a5a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee70068a7f504ba685f6f00d6059a5a12025-08-20T03:25:46ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352023-12-011712e001185510.1371/journal.pntd.0011855Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania.Michael J MazeGabriel M ShirimaAbdul-Hamid S LukambagireRebecca F BodenhamMatthew P RubachShama Cash-GoldwasserManuela CarugatiKate M ThomasPhiloteus SakasakaNestory MkendaKathryn J AllanRudovick R KazwalaBlandina T MmbagaJoram J BuzaVenance P MaroRenee L GallowayDaniel T HaydonJohn A CrumpJo E B Halliday<h4>Background</h4>Leptospirosis is suspected to be a major cause of illness in rural Tanzania associated with close contact with livestock. We sought to determine leptospirosis prevalence, identify infecting Leptospira serogroups, and investigate risk factors for leptospirosis in a rural area of Tanzania where pastoralist animal husbandry practices and sustained livestock contact are common.<h4>Methods</h4>We enrolled participants at Endulen Hospital, Tanzania. Patients with a history of fever within 72 hours, or a tympanic temperature of ≥38.0°C were eligible. Serum samples were collected at presentation and 4-6 weeks later. Sera were tested using microscopic agglutination testing with 20 Leptospira serovars from 17 serogroups. Acute leptospirosis cases were defined by a ≥four-fold rise in antibody titre between acute and convalescent serum samples or a reciprocal titre ≥400 in either sample. Leptospira seropositivity was defined by a single reciprocal antibody titre ≥100 in either sample. We defined the predominant reactive serogroup as that with the highest titre. We explored risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity using logistic regression modelling.<h4>Results</h4>Of 229 participants, 99 (43.2%) were male and the median (range) age was 27 (0, 78) years. Participation in at least one animal husbandry practice was reported by 160 (69.9%). We identified 18 (7.9%) cases of acute leptospirosis, with Djasiman 8 (44.4%) and Australis 7 (38.9%) the most common predominant reactive serogroups. Overall, 69 (30.1%) participants were Leptospira seropositive and the most common predominant reactive serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 20, 29.0%), Djasiman (n = 19, 27.5%), and Australis (n = 17, 24.6%). Milking cattle (OR 6.27, 95% CI 2.24-7.52) was a risk factor for acute leptospirosis, and milking goats (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.07-5.16) was a risk factor for Leptospira seropositivity.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We identified leptospirosis in approximately one in twelve patients attending hospital with fever from this rural community. Interventions that reduce risks associated with milking livestock may reduce human infections.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011855&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Michael J Maze Gabriel M Shirima Abdul-Hamid S Lukambagire Rebecca F Bodenham Matthew P Rubach Shama Cash-Goldwasser Manuela Carugati Kate M Thomas Philoteus Sakasaka Nestory Mkenda Kathryn J Allan Rudovick R Kazwala Blandina T Mmbaga Joram J Buza Venance P Maro Renee L Galloway Daniel T Haydon John A Crump Jo E B Halliday Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania. |
| title_full | Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania. |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania. |
| title_short | Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania. |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community endulen tanzania |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011855&type=printable |
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