City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021

Abstract As the world’s largest CO2 emitter, China needs accurate city-level CO2 emission accounts to formulate effective low-carbon policies. However, previous studies mainly accounted for emissions from fossil fuel combustion and overlooked process-related CO2 emissions from industrial production...

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Main Authors: Sijia Cai, Jinghang Xu, Yuru Guan, Miaomaio Liu, Chang Tan, Jun Bi, Yuli Shan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Data
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05782-3
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author Sijia Cai
Jinghang Xu
Yuru Guan
Miaomaio Liu
Chang Tan
Jun Bi
Yuli Shan
author_facet Sijia Cai
Jinghang Xu
Yuru Guan
Miaomaio Liu
Chang Tan
Jun Bi
Yuli Shan
author_sort Sijia Cai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As the world’s largest CO2 emitter, China needs accurate city-level CO2 emission accounts to formulate effective low-carbon policies. However, previous studies mainly accounted for emissions from fossil fuel combustion and overlooked process-related CO2 emissions from industrial production (e.g., mineral, chemical, metal products), which account for approximately 13% of China’s total emissions. In this study, we built the first time-series dataset of process-related CO2 emissions for 289 Chinese cities from 2000 to 2021. The dataset covers 11 industrial products and adheres to the methodology recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We applied China-specific emission factors and compiled industrial output data from city statistical yearbooks and bulletins. Missing output data were imputed using missForest models. The estimated uncertainty of the process-related emissions in our dataset ranges from 3.87% to 3.91%. Our dataset provides a robust foundation for analyzing emission patterns at the city level and for designing targeted low-carbon policies.
format Article
id doaj-art-ee6fdfffb87547a0bd7d76046c5f487b
institution Kabale University
issn 2052-4463
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-ee6fdfffb87547a0bd7d76046c5f487b2025-08-20T04:01:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Data2052-44632025-08-011211910.1038/s41597-025-05782-3City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021Sijia Cai0Jinghang Xu1Yuru Guan2Miaomaio Liu3Chang Tan4Jun Bi5Yuli Shan6State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversitySchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of BirminghamSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of BirminghamState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Earth System Science, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversitySchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of BirminghamAbstract As the world’s largest CO2 emitter, China needs accurate city-level CO2 emission accounts to formulate effective low-carbon policies. However, previous studies mainly accounted for emissions from fossil fuel combustion and overlooked process-related CO2 emissions from industrial production (e.g., mineral, chemical, metal products), which account for approximately 13% of China’s total emissions. In this study, we built the first time-series dataset of process-related CO2 emissions for 289 Chinese cities from 2000 to 2021. The dataset covers 11 industrial products and adheres to the methodology recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We applied China-specific emission factors and compiled industrial output data from city statistical yearbooks and bulletins. Missing output data were imputed using missForest models. The estimated uncertainty of the process-related emissions in our dataset ranges from 3.87% to 3.91%. Our dataset provides a robust foundation for analyzing emission patterns at the city level and for designing targeted low-carbon policies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05782-3
spellingShingle Sijia Cai
Jinghang Xu
Yuru Guan
Miaomaio Liu
Chang Tan
Jun Bi
Yuli Shan
City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021
Scientific Data
title City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021
title_full City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021
title_fullStr City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021
title_full_unstemmed City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021
title_short City-level process-related CO2 emissions in China 2000–2021
title_sort city level process related co2 emissions in china 2000 2021
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05782-3
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AT changtan citylevelprocessrelatedco2emissionsinchina20002021
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