Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer

Management of locally advanced rectal cancer is complex, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings play a central role in treatment decisions. While neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved local recurrence rates, newer treatment modalities, such as total neoadjuvant chemotherapy, im...

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Main Authors: Anuradha Chandramohan, Antony Augustine, Sneha Hiriyanna, Shobiga Natarajan, Ajeet A. Selvam, Kurian C. Eapen, Saloni A. Yadav, Joseph Chacko Paul, Aisha Lakhani, Betty Simon, Anu Eapen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology
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Online Access:http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0045-1802595
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author Anuradha Chandramohan
Antony Augustine
Sneha Hiriyanna
Shobiga Natarajan
Ajeet A. Selvam
Kurian C. Eapen
Saloni A. Yadav
Joseph Chacko Paul
Aisha Lakhani
Betty Simon
Anu Eapen
author_facet Anuradha Chandramohan
Antony Augustine
Sneha Hiriyanna
Shobiga Natarajan
Ajeet A. Selvam
Kurian C. Eapen
Saloni A. Yadav
Joseph Chacko Paul
Aisha Lakhani
Betty Simon
Anu Eapen
author_sort Anuradha Chandramohan
collection DOAJ
description Management of locally advanced rectal cancer is complex, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings play a central role in treatment decisions. While neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved local recurrence rates, newer treatment modalities, such as total neoadjuvant chemotherapy, improved distant control. They significantly improved pathological complete response rates, enabling organ preservation in more patients. MRI is the best imaging modality to assess treatment response. MRI aids in assessing operability, predicts surgical outcomes following neoadjuvant treatment, and aids in identifying patients' eligible for organ preservation and their follow-up. In this review, we discuss imaging techniques and interpretation of rectal cancer MRI following neoadjuvant treatment, provide a structured reporting template for response assessment MRI, and detail how imaging findings influence treatment decisions.
format Article
id doaj-art-ee6f4ecc6da245cf9454f5a5311e009c
institution Kabale University
issn 2581-9178
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
record_format Article
series Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology
spelling doaj-art-ee6f4ecc6da245cf9454f5a5311e009c2025-08-20T03:29:35ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology2581-91782025-05-01080209110710.1055/s-0045-1802595Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal CancerAnuradha Chandramohan0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9093-375XAntony Augustine1Sneha Hiriyanna2Shobiga Natarajan3Ajeet A. Selvam4Kurian C. Eapen5Saloni A. Yadav6Joseph Chacko Paul7Aisha Lakhani8Betty Simon9Anu Eapen10Abdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Radiology, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United KingdomAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaAbdominal Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaManagement of locally advanced rectal cancer is complex, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings play a central role in treatment decisions. While neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved local recurrence rates, newer treatment modalities, such as total neoadjuvant chemotherapy, improved distant control. They significantly improved pathological complete response rates, enabling organ preservation in more patients. MRI is the best imaging modality to assess treatment response. MRI aids in assessing operability, predicts surgical outcomes following neoadjuvant treatment, and aids in identifying patients' eligible for organ preservation and their follow-up. In this review, we discuss imaging techniques and interpretation of rectal cancer MRI following neoadjuvant treatment, provide a structured reporting template for response assessment MRI, and detail how imaging findings influence treatment decisions.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0045-1802595MRIrectal cancerMDTrestagingneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
spellingShingle Anuradha Chandramohan
Antony Augustine
Sneha Hiriyanna
Shobiga Natarajan
Ajeet A. Selvam
Kurian C. Eapen
Saloni A. Yadav
Joseph Chacko Paul
Aisha Lakhani
Betty Simon
Anu Eapen
Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology
MRI
rectal cancer
MDT
restaging
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
title Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
title_full Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
title_fullStr Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
title_short Response Assessment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
title_sort response assessment after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer
topic MRI
rectal cancer
MDT
restaging
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
url http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0045-1802595
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