Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation

For the safety assessment of concrete dam–foundation systems, this study used an explicit time-stepping small-displacement algorithm, which simulates the hydromechanical interaction and considers the discrete representation of the foundation discontinuities. The proposed innovative methodology allow...

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Main Authors: Maria Luísa Braga Farinha, Nuno Monteiro Azevedo, Sérgio Oliveira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Geosciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/4/149
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author Maria Luísa Braga Farinha
Nuno Monteiro Azevedo
Sérgio Oliveira
author_facet Maria Luísa Braga Farinha
Nuno Monteiro Azevedo
Sérgio Oliveira
author_sort Maria Luísa Braga Farinha
collection DOAJ
description For the safety assessment of concrete dam–foundation systems, this study used an explicit time-stepping small-displacement algorithm, which simulates the hydromechanical interaction and considers the discrete representation of the foundation discontinuities. The proposed innovative methodology allows for the definition of more reliable safety factors and the identification of more realistic failure modes by integrating (i) softening-based constitutive laws that are closer to the real behavior identified experimentally in concrete–concrete and concrete–rock interfaces; (ii) a water height increase that can be considered in both hydraulic and mechanical models; and (iii) fracture propagation along the dam–foundation interface. Parametric studies were conducted to assess the impact of the mechanical properties on the global safety factors of three gravity dams with different heights. The results obtained using a coupled/fracture propagation model were compared with those from the strength reduction method and the overtopping scenario not considering the hydraulic pressure increase. The results show that the safety assessment should be conducted using the proposed methodology. It is shown that the concrete–rock interface should preferably have a high value of fracture energy or, ideally, higher tensile and cohesion strengths and high associated fracture energy. The results also indicate that with a brittle concrete–rock model, the predicted safety factors are always conservative when compared with those that consider the fracture energy.
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spelling doaj-art-ee6ab2b77f0241a888abc3c67bea0b4c2025-08-20T02:18:16ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632025-04-0115414910.3390/geosciences15040149Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture PropagationMaria Luísa Braga Farinha0Nuno Monteiro Azevedo1Sérgio Oliveira2Concrete Dams Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), 1700-066 Lisboa, PortugalConcrete Dams Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), 1700-066 Lisboa, PortugalConcrete Dams Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), 1700-066 Lisboa, PortugalFor the safety assessment of concrete dam–foundation systems, this study used an explicit time-stepping small-displacement algorithm, which simulates the hydromechanical interaction and considers the discrete representation of the foundation discontinuities. The proposed innovative methodology allows for the definition of more reliable safety factors and the identification of more realistic failure modes by integrating (i) softening-based constitutive laws that are closer to the real behavior identified experimentally in concrete–concrete and concrete–rock interfaces; (ii) a water height increase that can be considered in both hydraulic and mechanical models; and (iii) fracture propagation along the dam–foundation interface. Parametric studies were conducted to assess the impact of the mechanical properties on the global safety factors of three gravity dams with different heights. The results obtained using a coupled/fracture propagation model were compared with those from the strength reduction method and the overtopping scenario not considering the hydraulic pressure increase. The results show that the safety assessment should be conducted using the proposed methodology. It is shown that the concrete–rock interface should preferably have a high value of fracture energy or, ideally, higher tensile and cohesion strengths and high associated fracture energy. The results also indicate that with a brittle concrete–rock model, the predicted safety factors are always conservative when compared with those that consider the fracture energy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/4/149concrete gravity damssafety assessmentovertoppingdiscrete hydromechanical coupled modelfracture propagation
spellingShingle Maria Luísa Braga Farinha
Nuno Monteiro Azevedo
Sérgio Oliveira
Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation
Geosciences
concrete gravity dams
safety assessment
overtopping
discrete hydromechanical coupled model
fracture propagation
title Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation
title_full Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation
title_fullStr Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation
title_full_unstemmed Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation
title_short Safety Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams: Hydromechanical Coupling and Fracture Propagation
title_sort safety assessment of concrete gravity dams hydromechanical coupling and fracture propagation
topic concrete gravity dams
safety assessment
overtopping
discrete hydromechanical coupled model
fracture propagation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/4/149
work_keys_str_mv AT marialuisabragafarinha safetyassessmentofconcretegravitydamshydromechanicalcouplingandfracturepropagation
AT nunomonteiroazevedo safetyassessmentofconcretegravitydamshydromechanicalcouplingandfracturepropagation
AT sergiooliveira safetyassessmentofconcretegravitydamshydromechanicalcouplingandfracturepropagation