A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation
IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used for the noninvasive activation of neurons in the human brain. It utilizes a pulsed magnetic field to induce electric pulses that act on the central nervous system, altering the membrane potential of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1500619/full |
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| author | Xinhua Tan Ao Guo Jiasheng Tian Yingwei Li Yingwei Li Jian Shi |
| author_facet | Xinhua Tan Ao Guo Jiasheng Tian Yingwei Li Yingwei Li Jian Shi |
| author_sort | Xinhua Tan |
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| description | IntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used for the noninvasive activation of neurons in the human brain. It utilizes a pulsed magnetic field to induce electric pulses that act on the central nervous system, altering the membrane potential of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex to treat certain mental diseases. However, the effectiveness of TMS can be compromised by significant heat generation and the clicking noise produced by the pulse in the TMS coil. This study proposes a novel, non-resonant, high-frequency switching design controlled by high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage excitation to achieve ideal pulse-current waveforms that minimize both clicking noise and heat generation from the TMS coil.MethodFirst, a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the pulse-current waveform, minimizing both the resistance loss and clicking noise (vibration energy) generated by the TMS coils. Next, the pulse-current waveform was modeled based on the principles of programmable transcranial magnetic stimulation circuits. The relationships between the parameters of the pulse-current waveform, vibration energy, and ohmic resistance loss in the TMS coil were explored, ensuring the necessary depolarization of the nerve membrane potential. Finally, four insulated-gate bipolar transistors, controlled by a series of PWM pulse sequences, generated the desired pulse-current duration and direction in the H-bridge circuit. The duration and slope of the rising and falling segments of the current waveform were adjusted by the PWM pulse duration.ResultsThe optimized current waveform, represented by three segmented functions, reduces heat loss and noise while inducing a greater change in neural membrane potential compared with those obtained with conventional symmetric waveforms. Spectral analysis further confirmed that the noise spectrum of the optimized current waveform, particularly the peak spectrum, is significantly lower than that of the conventional triangular symmetric waveform.ConclusionThe study provide a method and new ideas for low energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation by using TMS circuit design techniques as well as waveform optimization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee47b2c2b60d47e9b52c715cc37fdf62 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee47b2c2b60d47e9b52c715cc37fdf622025-01-07T14:09:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2025-01-011810.3389/fnins.2024.15006191500619A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulationXinhua Tan0Ao Guo1Jiasheng Tian2Yingwei Li3Yingwei Li4Jian Shi5School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, ChinaIntroductionTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used for the noninvasive activation of neurons in the human brain. It utilizes a pulsed magnetic field to induce electric pulses that act on the central nervous system, altering the membrane potential of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex to treat certain mental diseases. However, the effectiveness of TMS can be compromised by significant heat generation and the clicking noise produced by the pulse in the TMS coil. This study proposes a novel, non-resonant, high-frequency switching design controlled by high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage excitation to achieve ideal pulse-current waveforms that minimize both clicking noise and heat generation from the TMS coil.MethodFirst, a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the pulse-current waveform, minimizing both the resistance loss and clicking noise (vibration energy) generated by the TMS coils. Next, the pulse-current waveform was modeled based on the principles of programmable transcranial magnetic stimulation circuits. The relationships between the parameters of the pulse-current waveform, vibration energy, and ohmic resistance loss in the TMS coil were explored, ensuring the necessary depolarization of the nerve membrane potential. Finally, four insulated-gate bipolar transistors, controlled by a series of PWM pulse sequences, generated the desired pulse-current duration and direction in the H-bridge circuit. The duration and slope of the rising and falling segments of the current waveform were adjusted by the PWM pulse duration.ResultsThe optimized current waveform, represented by three segmented functions, reduces heat loss and noise while inducing a greater change in neural membrane potential compared with those obtained with conventional symmetric waveforms. Spectral analysis further confirmed that the noise spectrum of the optimized current waveform, particularly the peak spectrum, is significantly lower than that of the conventional triangular symmetric waveform.ConclusionThe study provide a method and new ideas for low energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation by using TMS circuit design techniques as well as waveform optimization.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1500619/fulltranscranial magnetic stimulationlow energy consumptionlow noiseasymmetrical pulse waveformpulse generation circuit |
| spellingShingle | Xinhua Tan Ao Guo Jiasheng Tian Yingwei Li Yingwei Li Jian Shi A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation Frontiers in Neuroscience transcranial magnetic stimulation low energy consumption low noise asymmetrical pulse waveform pulse generation circuit |
| title | A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| title_full | A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| title_fullStr | A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| title_short | A novel pulse-current waveform circuit for low-energy consumption and low-noise transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| title_sort | novel pulse current waveform circuit for low energy consumption and low noise transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| topic | transcranial magnetic stimulation low energy consumption low noise asymmetrical pulse waveform pulse generation circuit |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1500619/full |
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