Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy

Since tourism involves the movement of people, mobility and tourism are deeply interconnected, with mutual growth dynamics but also shared negative effects, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Among the wide spectrum of policies and strategies for making tourism sustainable, soft mobility has gained i...

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Main Authors: Giulio Senes, Paolo Stefano Ferrario, Federico Riva, Natalia Fumagalli, Denise Corsini, Anna Donati, Luigi Contestabile, Stefano Fondi, Roberto Rovelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/380
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author Giulio Senes
Paolo Stefano Ferrario
Federico Riva
Natalia Fumagalli
Denise Corsini
Anna Donati
Luigi Contestabile
Stefano Fondi
Roberto Rovelli
author_facet Giulio Senes
Paolo Stefano Ferrario
Federico Riva
Natalia Fumagalli
Denise Corsini
Anna Donati
Luigi Contestabile
Stefano Fondi
Roberto Rovelli
author_sort Giulio Senes
collection DOAJ
description Since tourism involves the movement of people, mobility and tourism are deeply interconnected, with mutual growth dynamics but also shared negative effects, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Among the wide spectrum of policies and strategies for making tourism sustainable, soft mobility has gained increasing importance, becoming more and more a widespread form of active tourism, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. A sustainable approach, aimed at maintaining a balance between economic development and environmental protection, requires greater promotion of soft mobility and integration with rail transport. To make active tourism truly sustainable, the support of the railway network, a low-emission collective transport system, is needed, allowing people to reach destinations and move between destinations, taking advantage of intermodality. This needs the improvement of the connection between the two transport systems, the creation of services for visitors, and the organization of an appropriate railway service. Within this framework, the present work defines a methodology that, starting from the analysis of the relationships between railway stations, the soft mobility network, and attractions in the surrounding territory, allows us to identify stations that could serve as intermodal hubs for connecting local resources through soft mobility, according to a priority scale defined by the Soft Mobility HUB (SMH) Index. The methodology, applied to Italian railway stations, is based on the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), allowing a rigorous, transparent, and participatory approach. The proposed model, which is replicable in other contexts, has been effective in identifying, in different scenarios, the stations most suitable for becoming hubs for soft mobility. It can serve as a support tool for decision-makers to maximize investments by focusing on stations capable to provide the greatest contribution to the development of active and diversified tourism.
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spelling doaj-art-ee1b626928ae42e9aa836cf0eb4ebd9b2025-08-20T02:44:56ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-02-0114238010.3390/land14020380Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for ItalyGiulio Senes0Paolo Stefano Ferrario1Federico Riva2Natalia Fumagalli3Denise Corsini4Anna Donati5Luigi Contestabile6Stefano Fondi7Roberto Rovelli8Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalyAlleanza Mobilità Dolce—AMODO, 00100 Rome, ItalyRete Ferroviaria Italiana, 00161 Rome, ItalyRete Ferroviaria Italiana, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, ItalySince tourism involves the movement of people, mobility and tourism are deeply interconnected, with mutual growth dynamics but also shared negative effects, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Among the wide spectrum of policies and strategies for making tourism sustainable, soft mobility has gained increasing importance, becoming more and more a widespread form of active tourism, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. A sustainable approach, aimed at maintaining a balance between economic development and environmental protection, requires greater promotion of soft mobility and integration with rail transport. To make active tourism truly sustainable, the support of the railway network, a low-emission collective transport system, is needed, allowing people to reach destinations and move between destinations, taking advantage of intermodality. This needs the improvement of the connection between the two transport systems, the creation of services for visitors, and the organization of an appropriate railway service. Within this framework, the present work defines a methodology that, starting from the analysis of the relationships between railway stations, the soft mobility network, and attractions in the surrounding territory, allows us to identify stations that could serve as intermodal hubs for connecting local resources through soft mobility, according to a priority scale defined by the Soft Mobility HUB (SMH) Index. The methodology, applied to Italian railway stations, is based on the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), allowing a rigorous, transparent, and participatory approach. The proposed model, which is replicable in other contexts, has been effective in identifying, in different scenarios, the stations most suitable for becoming hubs for soft mobility. It can serve as a support tool for decision-makers to maximize investments by focusing on stations capable to provide the greatest contribution to the development of active and diversified tourism.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/380railway stationssoft mobilityintermodalitylandscape resourcesland planning
spellingShingle Giulio Senes
Paolo Stefano Ferrario
Federico Riva
Natalia Fumagalli
Denise Corsini
Anna Donati
Luigi Contestabile
Stefano Fondi
Roberto Rovelli
Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
Land
railway stations
soft mobility
intermodality
landscape resources
land planning
title Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
title_full Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
title_fullStr Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
title_full_unstemmed Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
title_short Active Tourism and Intermodality: Railway Stations as Soft Mobility Hubs—An Assessment Framework for Italy
title_sort active tourism and intermodality railway stations as soft mobility hubs an assessment framework for italy
topic railway stations
soft mobility
intermodality
landscape resources
land planning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/2/380
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