An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles
Mehwish Sikander,1 Ume Ruqia Tulain,1 Nadia Shamshad Malik,2 Arshad Mahmood,3,4 Mohammed S Alqahtani,5 Alia Erum,1 Muhammad Tariq Khan2,6 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Facult...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Nanotechnology, Science and Applications |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/an-approach-to-enhance-the-solubility-of-an-atypical-antipsychotic-dru-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSA |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850228932687691776 |
|---|---|
| author | Sikander M Tulain UR Malik NS Mahmood A Alqahtani MS Erum A Khan MT |
| author_facet | Sikander M Tulain UR Malik NS Mahmood A Alqahtani MS Erum A Khan MT |
| author_sort | Sikander M |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mehwish Sikander,1 Ume Ruqia Tulain,1 Nadia Shamshad Malik,2 Arshad Mahmood,3,4 Mohammed S Alqahtani,5 Alia Erum,1 Muhammad Tariq Khan2,6 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 4AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC) Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 5Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PakistanCorrespondence: Ume Ruqia Tulain, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Tel +00923316668588, Email umeruqia_tulain@yahoo.comIntroduction: Natural polymers have emerged as versatile and sustainable alternatives to synthetic polymers in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. This study focuses on the extraction of arabinoxylan (AX) from maize husk and its potential as a promising excipient to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of Aripiprazole (APZ), a poorly water-soluble antipsychotic drug, offering a robust strategy for overcoming challenges associated with hydrophobic drugs.Methods: APZ-loaded AX nanoparticles were synthesized using the ionotropic gelation technique. The formulation with the highest encapsulation efficiency designated as FN4 was selected for detailed characterization. Various analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), were employed to assess the morphological, crystalline, and thermal properties of the nanoparticles. In vitro release studies were conducted on both simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) to evaluate drug dissolution behaviour. The everted sac method was utilized to assess the permeation and transport of APZ from the AX-based nanoparticles.Results: The FN4 formulation exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 88.9% ± 1.77%, with a particle size of 284.4 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.346, and a zeta potential of 20.7 mV. SEM analysis revealed a uniform distribution of polyhedral-shaped nanoparticles. XRD and DSC analyses indicated that APZ was in an amorphous state within the nanoparticles. Drug release was more pronounced at pH 6.8, with the AX nanoparticles showing sustained release. The everted sac method demonstrated enhanced permeation of APZ across intestinal membranes, supporting the potential of AX nanoparticles in improving drug absorption.Discussion: The AX-based nanoparticle formulation significantly improved the solubility, pH-dependent release profile, and sustained release of APZ, offering a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. These findings suggest that AX nanoparticles could serve as an effective delivery system for enhancing the therapeutic potential of hydrophobic drugs like APZ.Keywords: arabinoxylan, aripiprazole, nanoparticles, bioavailability, solubility |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee1884bac6c54f729acbfa52a9f723d3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1177-8903 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanotechnology, Science and Applications |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee1884bac6c54f729acbfa52a9f723d32025-08-20T02:04:23ZengDove Medical PressNanotechnology, Science and Applications1177-89032025-02-01Volume 18115137100625An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based NanoparticlesSikander MTulain URMalik NSMahmood AAlqahtani MSErum AKhan MTMehwish Sikander,1 Ume Ruqia Tulain,1 Nadia Shamshad Malik,2 Arshad Mahmood,3,4 Mohammed S Alqahtani,5 Alia Erum,1 Muhammad Tariq Khan2,6 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 4AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC) Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; 5Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, PakistanCorrespondence: Ume Ruqia Tulain, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Tel +00923316668588, Email umeruqia_tulain@yahoo.comIntroduction: Natural polymers have emerged as versatile and sustainable alternatives to synthetic polymers in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. This study focuses on the extraction of arabinoxylan (AX) from maize husk and its potential as a promising excipient to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of Aripiprazole (APZ), a poorly water-soluble antipsychotic drug, offering a robust strategy for overcoming challenges associated with hydrophobic drugs.Methods: APZ-loaded AX nanoparticles were synthesized using the ionotropic gelation technique. The formulation with the highest encapsulation efficiency designated as FN4 was selected for detailed characterization. Various analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), were employed to assess the morphological, crystalline, and thermal properties of the nanoparticles. In vitro release studies were conducted on both simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) to evaluate drug dissolution behaviour. The everted sac method was utilized to assess the permeation and transport of APZ from the AX-based nanoparticles.Results: The FN4 formulation exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 88.9% ± 1.77%, with a particle size of 284.4 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.346, and a zeta potential of 20.7 mV. SEM analysis revealed a uniform distribution of polyhedral-shaped nanoparticles. XRD and DSC analyses indicated that APZ was in an amorphous state within the nanoparticles. Drug release was more pronounced at pH 6.8, with the AX nanoparticles showing sustained release. The everted sac method demonstrated enhanced permeation of APZ across intestinal membranes, supporting the potential of AX nanoparticles in improving drug absorption.Discussion: The AX-based nanoparticle formulation significantly improved the solubility, pH-dependent release profile, and sustained release of APZ, offering a promising strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. These findings suggest that AX nanoparticles could serve as an effective delivery system for enhancing the therapeutic potential of hydrophobic drugs like APZ.Keywords: arabinoxylan, aripiprazole, nanoparticles, bioavailability, solubilityhttps://www.dovepress.com/an-approach-to-enhance-the-solubility-of-an-atypical-antipsychotic-dru-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSAarabinoxylanaripiprazolenanoparticlesbioavailabilitysolubility |
| spellingShingle | Sikander M Tulain UR Malik NS Mahmood A Alqahtani MS Erum A Khan MT An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles Nanotechnology, Science and Applications arabinoxylan aripiprazole nanoparticles bioavailability solubility |
| title | An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles |
| title_full | An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles |
| title_short | An Approach to Enhance the Solubility of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Aripiprazole: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Arabinoxylan-Based Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | approach to enhance the solubility of an atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole design characterization and evaluation of arabinoxylan based nanoparticles |
| topic | arabinoxylan aripiprazole nanoparticles bioavailability solubility |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/an-approach-to-enhance-the-solubility-of-an-atypical-antipsychotic-dru-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NSA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sikanderm anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT tulainur anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT malikns anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT mahmooda anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT alqahtanims anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT eruma anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT khanmt anapproachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT sikanderm approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT tulainur approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT malikns approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT mahmooda approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT alqahtanims approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT eruma approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles AT khanmt approachtoenhancethesolubilityofanatypicalantipsychoticdrugaripiprazoledesigncharacterizationandevaluationofarabinoxylanbasednanoparticles |