Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications

In recent years, the fast growth of computational power has allowed the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a wide range of areas of interest, such as gas–solid unit operations. In this context, the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method appears as an option to represent fluid–...

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Main Authors: Luis Henríquez-Vargas, Pablo Donoso-García, Lawrence Lackey, Mauricio Bravo-Gutiérrez, Benjamín Cajas, Alejandro Reyes, Nicolás Pailahueque, Isaac Díaz-Aburto, Valeri Bubnovich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3700
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author Luis Henríquez-Vargas
Pablo Donoso-García
Lawrence Lackey
Mauricio Bravo-Gutiérrez
Benjamín Cajas
Alejandro Reyes
Nicolás Pailahueque
Isaac Díaz-Aburto
Valeri Bubnovich
author_facet Luis Henríquez-Vargas
Pablo Donoso-García
Lawrence Lackey
Mauricio Bravo-Gutiérrez
Benjamín Cajas
Alejandro Reyes
Nicolás Pailahueque
Isaac Díaz-Aburto
Valeri Bubnovich
author_sort Luis Henríquez-Vargas
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, the fast growth of computational power has allowed the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a wide range of areas of interest, such as gas–solid unit operations. In this context, the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method appears as an option to represent fluid–particle and particle–particle interactions, avoiding the complexity of tracking each particle and the high computational cost derived from this. The MP-PIC method can represent the particles as a group with the same characteristics, allowing the simulation of gas–solid systems at different scales. To achieve this, the particle–particle interactions are simplified using the solid stress tensor to represent them; this does not require explicit expressions. This approach has a low computational cost, allowing the simulation of industrial cases using just workstations. This paper provides a review of the literature on the solid stress tensor and its commercial and non-commercial applications, including its historical and mathematical development in the description of particle–particle interactions. In addition, to consolidate the knowledge and advancing understanding in this crucial aspect of multiphase flow simulations, this review identifies the current challenges and opportunities for future research in multiphase systems based on the solid stress tensor. In addition, this review identifies the current challenges and opportunities for future research in multiphase systems based on the solid stress tensor.
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spelling doaj-art-ee0b23f2211b4153af4b08364de8b2ff2025-08-20T02:38:41ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902024-11-011223370010.3390/math12233700Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and ApplicationsLuis Henríquez-Vargas0Pablo Donoso-García1Lawrence Lackey2Mauricio Bravo-Gutiérrez3Benjamín Cajas4Alejandro Reyes5Nicolás Pailahueque6Isaac Díaz-Aburto7Valeri Bubnovich8Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileIn recent years, the fast growth of computational power has allowed the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in a wide range of areas of interest, such as gas–solid unit operations. In this context, the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method appears as an option to represent fluid–particle and particle–particle interactions, avoiding the complexity of tracking each particle and the high computational cost derived from this. The MP-PIC method can represent the particles as a group with the same characteristics, allowing the simulation of gas–solid systems at different scales. To achieve this, the particle–particle interactions are simplified using the solid stress tensor to represent them; this does not require explicit expressions. This approach has a low computational cost, allowing the simulation of industrial cases using just workstations. This paper provides a review of the literature on the solid stress tensor and its commercial and non-commercial applications, including its historical and mathematical development in the description of particle–particle interactions. In addition, to consolidate the knowledge and advancing understanding in this crucial aspect of multiphase flow simulations, this review identifies the current challenges and opportunities for future research in multiphase systems based on the solid stress tensor. In addition, this review identifies the current challenges and opportunities for future research in multiphase systems based on the solid stress tensor.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3700multiphase modelingparticle in cellfluidizationsolid stress model
spellingShingle Luis Henríquez-Vargas
Pablo Donoso-García
Lawrence Lackey
Mauricio Bravo-Gutiérrez
Benjamín Cajas
Alejandro Reyes
Nicolás Pailahueque
Isaac Díaz-Aburto
Valeri Bubnovich
Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications
Mathematics
multiphase modeling
particle in cell
fluidization
solid stress model
title Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications
title_full Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications
title_fullStr Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications
title_full_unstemmed Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications
title_short Modeling of the Solid Stress Tensor in the MP-PIC Method: A Review of Methods and Applications
title_sort modeling of the solid stress tensor in the mp pic method a review of methods and applications
topic multiphase modeling
particle in cell
fluidization
solid stress model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3700
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