Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices
Generically, in a system with more than three point vortices, there exist regions of stability around each vortex, even if the system is chaotic. These regions are usually called stability islands, and they have a morphology that is hard to characterize. In a system of two or three point vortices, t...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Gil Marques Sílvio Gama |
| author_facet | Gil Marques Sílvio Gama |
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| description | Generically, in a system with more than three point vortices, there exist regions of stability around each vortex, even if the system is chaotic. These regions are usually called stability islands, and they have a morphology that is hard to characterize. In a system of two or three point vortices, these stability islands are better named vortex atmospheres or atmospheric islands, since the whole system is regular. In this work, we present an analytical study to characterize these atmospheres in two point vortex systems for arbitrary values of the circulations <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the infinite two-dimensional plane <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi></mfenced><mo>∈</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>—the simplest scenario—by studying the dynamics of passive particles in these environments. We use the trajectories of passive particles to find the stagnation points of these systems, the special trajectories that partition <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> in different regions and the analytical expressions that define the boundary of the atmospheric islands. In order to characterize the geometry of these atmospheres, we compute their perimeter and area as a function of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mspace width="0.166667em"/><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace width="0.166667em"/><mo>.</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> The case <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is treated separately, as the perimeter and area of the atmospheres do not depend on the circulations. Furthermore, in this latter case, we observe that the atmospheric island has a very similar morphology to an ellipse, only differing from the ellipse that best approximates the atmosphere by a relative error of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3.76‰ in area. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee075cf9a58746f291dd21086b6b37ba |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-1680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Axioms |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee075cf9a58746f291dd21086b6b37ba2025-08-20T02:24:39ZengMDPI AGAxioms2075-16802025-04-0114427210.3390/axioms14040272Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point VorticesGil Marques0Sílvio Gama1Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Matemática, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalCentro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Matemática, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalGenerically, in a system with more than three point vortices, there exist regions of stability around each vortex, even if the system is chaotic. These regions are usually called stability islands, and they have a morphology that is hard to characterize. In a system of two or three point vortices, these stability islands are better named vortex atmospheres or atmospheric islands, since the whole system is regular. In this work, we present an analytical study to characterize these atmospheres in two point vortex systems for arbitrary values of the circulations <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the infinite two-dimensional plane <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>y</mi></mfenced><mo>∈</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>—the simplest scenario—by studying the dynamics of passive particles in these environments. We use the trajectories of passive particles to find the stagnation points of these systems, the special trajectories that partition <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> in different regions and the analytical expressions that define the boundary of the atmospheric islands. In order to characterize the geometry of these atmospheres, we compute their perimeter and area as a function of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mspace width="0.166667em"/><mo>,</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>≠</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace width="0.166667em"/><mo>.</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> The case <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is treated separately, as the perimeter and area of the atmospheres do not depend on the circulations. Furthermore, in this latter case, we observe that the atmospheric island has a very similar morphology to an ellipse, only differing from the ellipse that best approximates the atmosphere by a relative error of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3.76‰ in area.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/4/272point vortexvortex dynamicsfluid dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Gil Marques Sílvio Gama Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices Axioms point vortex vortex dynamics fluid dynamics |
| title | Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices |
| title_full | Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices |
| title_fullStr | Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices |
| title_short | Geometric Characterization of Atmospheric Islands Formed by Two Point Vortices |
| title_sort | geometric characterization of atmospheric islands formed by two point vortices |
| topic | point vortex vortex dynamics fluid dynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/4/272 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gilmarques geometriccharacterizationofatmosphericislandsformedbytwopointvortices AT silviogama geometriccharacterizationofatmosphericislandsformedbytwopointvortices |