Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study

Little is known about how different features of tactile inputs affect somatosensory perception in autism. In this study we combined high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and virtual reality (VR) to assess how the volition and pattern consistency of somatosensory stimulation influenced the electr...

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Main Authors: Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Grace A. Rico, Zakilya Brown, Duje Tadin, John J. Foxe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:NeuroImage
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925002186
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author Emily L. Isenstein
Edward G. Freedman
Grace A. Rico
Zakilya Brown
Duje Tadin
John J. Foxe
author_facet Emily L. Isenstein
Edward G. Freedman
Grace A. Rico
Zakilya Brown
Duje Tadin
John J. Foxe
author_sort Emily L. Isenstein
collection DOAJ
description Little is known about how different features of tactile inputs affect somatosensory perception in autism. In this study we combined high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and virtual reality (VR) to assess how the volition and pattern consistency of somatosensory stimulation influenced the electrophysiological responses in neurotypical (n = 30) and autistic (n = 30) adults. Specifically, we compared N1 and P300 amplitudes when vibrotactile stimulation were actively triggered by self-motion (Active) versus passively triggered by target-motion (Passive). We also measured the mismatch negativity (MMN) to assess how deviations in the pattern of stimulus duration affected the electrophysiological responses. We observed comparable responses regardless of pattern deviation in the MMN time window between groups, but different patterns of amplitude in this time frame based on whether the stimulation was Active or Passive. In the autism group we observed smaller N1 amplitudes in response to Passive, but not Active, vibrations as compared to the control group. Conversely, there were overall larger magnitude P300 amplitudes in the autism group, but comparable levels of Passive-to-Active attenuation between groups. Overall, the autism cohort demonstrated variation from the neurotypical cohort with respect to the volition of the stimuli, but there were comparable results between groups in response to pattern deviation. These findings suggest that there are subtle differences in how adults with and without autism handle self-generated and externally-generated somatosensory sensations.
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spelling doaj-art-ee06f25ee88f4503b462526e062a8e232025-08-20T02:12:19ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722025-05-0131112121510.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121215Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality studyEmily L. Isenstein0Edward G. Freedman1Grace A. Rico2Zakilya Brown3Duje Tadin4John J. Foxe5The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USAThe Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USADepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USADepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USADepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USAThe Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Corresponding author.Little is known about how different features of tactile inputs affect somatosensory perception in autism. In this study we combined high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and virtual reality (VR) to assess how the volition and pattern consistency of somatosensory stimulation influenced the electrophysiological responses in neurotypical (n = 30) and autistic (n = 30) adults. Specifically, we compared N1 and P300 amplitudes when vibrotactile stimulation were actively triggered by self-motion (Active) versus passively triggered by target-motion (Passive). We also measured the mismatch negativity (MMN) to assess how deviations in the pattern of stimulus duration affected the electrophysiological responses. We observed comparable responses regardless of pattern deviation in the MMN time window between groups, but different patterns of amplitude in this time frame based on whether the stimulation was Active or Passive. In the autism group we observed smaller N1 amplitudes in response to Passive, but not Active, vibrations as compared to the control group. Conversely, there were overall larger magnitude P300 amplitudes in the autism group, but comparable levels of Passive-to-Active attenuation between groups. Overall, the autism cohort demonstrated variation from the neurotypical cohort with respect to the volition of the stimuli, but there were comparable results between groups in response to pattern deviation. These findings suggest that there are subtle differences in how adults with and without autism handle self-generated and externally-generated somatosensory sensations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925002186ASDSomatosensorySomatosensory evoked potentialSEPEvent-related potentialERP
spellingShingle Emily L. Isenstein
Edward G. Freedman
Grace A. Rico
Zakilya Brown
Duje Tadin
John J. Foxe
Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study
NeuroImage
ASD
Somatosensory
Somatosensory evoked potential
SEP
Event-related potential
ERP
title Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study
title_full Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study
title_fullStr Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study
title_full_unstemmed Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study
title_short Adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self-generating but not passively-experiencing somatosensation: a high-density electrophysiological (EEG) mapping and virtual reality study
title_sort adults on the autism spectrum differ from neurotypical peers when self generating but not passively experiencing somatosensation a high density electrophysiological eeg mapping and virtual reality study
topic ASD
Somatosensory
Somatosensory evoked potential
SEP
Event-related potential
ERP
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925002186
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